How Has Huck Changed Essay

In the beginning novel, Huck struggles against society and its attempts to civilize himself, which was represented by the Widow Douglas, Miss Watson, and other adults. Later, this conflict gains more focus in Huck’s dealings with Jim, as Huck must decide whether to turn Jim in, as society demands, or to protect and help his friend instead. The most significant way in which Huck changes his attitude is with Jim, by excepting him as a person. Towards the end of chapter 15, Huck plays a trick on Jim when they got separated in the fog. Huck tries to convince Jim that he’s been drinking because when they found each other, Huck explains he’s never gone anywhere, he’s been by his side the whole time. Then Huck goes off saying, â€Å"Well, this is too many for me, Jim. I hain’t see fog, nor no islands nor no troubles†¦ You couldn’t ‘a’ got drunk in that time, so of course you’ve been dreaming.† (84) Jim at this point is confused because how can he dream all that in ten minutes. Later on, as Huck realizes that lying to Jim about that whole incident was wrong of him, he apologizes to him. It was quite a thing for a white person to apologize to a black person in that time so it show that he is growing emotions towards Jim. He realizes why lie to him if colored people get taken advantage of all the time, Huck didn’t want to be one of those white people who did. More important, he eventually takes charge and tells the truth no matter what the outcome is, and has changed from a juvenile boy who doesn’t care if others are tricked, to a more civilized boy who protects innocent people.

Boy Scouts and Militarism

Boy scouts movements are what we can consider embedded in the culture of many countries. The appeal of this youth movement had captured the attention of young boys worldwide. The Boy Scout movement had built a decent reputation of rearing young boys with admirable characteristics. This gained reputation is the very basis why the Boy Scout movement had become the largest youth-based organization in the world. When people hear of the term â€Å"Boy Scouts†, they associate it much with camping and other fun activities.According to founder of the movement, Robert Baden-Powell, the activities of the Boy Scouts are focused on developing physical and mental fitness, camaraderie, character, and citizenship. The program of the Boy Scout movement claims to be designed to help young people to develop self-reliance, courage, and integrity, among many other admirable traits (Elleke 12-15). The truth behind those stereotypes would not be questioned. What this paper would delve on is what ma ny admirers may had overlooked regarding the nature and the origin of the of the most influential youth movement.Many critics had argued that the Boy Scout movement can find its roots as being militaristic in nature. The concept of militarism may sound too radical when aligned with the seemingly innocent movement, who talks about having fun while aiming towards being better persons. But of course, criticisms would not be heard of if they are lacking solid and convincing basis. If the nature of the origin of the Boy Scouts movement would be reviewed, the possibility of militarism could be easily disregarded. It is beyond question that the Boy Scout movement is promoting very ideal yet admirable concepts for youths.But since there is lots of evidence that suggests militaristic beginnings, this paper would argue, as a reiteration to the arguments of forerunners with the same argument: that it is undeniable that the Boy Scout movement had started as an interest group that is based much on militarism. To springboard this argument, there is no need to look far from the word â€Å"Boy Scouts. † The term â€Å"scouts† alone would ring a military function. The term would suggest military functions that are closely related to information gathering and reconnaissance.IF we give much thought on this term, we could relate it to the incorporation of outdoor activities (e. g. camping, trekking) to Boy Scout programs. The movement claims that those outdoor activities are for developing self-reliance and survival in the wild. It is hard to dismiss the notion that these kinds of activities have resemblances to military training. The question of where would Boy Scouts could use this kind of training would certainly intrigue critics. It appears that knowledge of survival in the outdoors is not as practical as the movement promotes.Knowledge of survival in the outdoors is much useful in the context of war. Militaristic Origins Scouting can be traced back from the tim e of Robert Baden-Powell, a British lieutenant- general who founded the Scouting Movement. It all started and happened during the Siege of Mafeking, Second Boer War. Baden-Powell recruited boys with ages 12- 15 years old whom he eventually trained. From this situation, he founded the Boy Scouts, which is clearly seen to be a product of a militaristic movement. The roots of British Boy Scouts, on the other hand, can be traced from its foundation in May 1909.The organization was actually composed through members of Scout troops in the Battersea District. Although lacking of financial and human power support, the organization survived through various ways of generating these two important resources. To gain financial assistance, the organization pursued to get initial funds through acquiring sponsors. The members used the weekly page of the paper Chums to generate funds from their sponsors. To gain more members, the foundation spread the news of their existence in other parts of the Un ited Kingdom.However, in October of that same year, the British Boy Scouts was reconciled with Baden-Powell’s headquarters. They became the allied organization of Baden-Powell with Sir Francis Vane giving his assurances. That time, he is the Commissioner of Baden-Powell London. One proof that the British Boy Scouts originated from a military orientation is the incident that happened the following month. It was November 1909 when Sir Francis Vane suddenly made a schism right after he was ousted by Baden- Powell from the Scout Association.The two men actually have opposing views regarding the militarism and bureaucracy. Vane made strong arguments regarding Baden- Powell’s militaristic and political leadership over his headquarters staff. Here, the British Boy Scouts proved their support to Sir Francis Vane. They came with Sir Francis Vane in his schism and chose him to be their leader. From this point, The British Boy Scouts expanded its connections and alliances through founding another organization in the early 1910—the National Peace Scouts. It was actually a joined organization with the Boy’s Life Brigade.From a small organization, the British Boy Scouts, late known as Brotherhood of British Scouts, expanded through forming some allies with other countries such as the United States, Hong Kong, Italy, South Africa, Australia, Indi, New Zealand, and South America. It was then called The Order of World Scouts in 1911. From a small organization, it expanded to 12 countries. (Jeal 428) However, The Order of World Scouts suddenly declined and eventually made its downfall when Sir Francis Vane got involved with bankruptcy, making the Brotherhood of British Scouts fell back as a domestic, small organization. The presence of militaristsIn 1910, fifty- six percent of the 250 Presidents and Commissioners, a total of 140 men, were identified as military officers, whether serving or retired (Springhall, 939-940). With this huge militaristic pr esence in the government, the Boys Scout Association can be given doubts as the organization that acts as front for further military ambitions. Involvement of the youth in war In Baden-Powell’s book entitled Scouting For Boys, one chapter discusses marksmanship which is said to be the same with patriotism (Baden-Powell 322). When World War 1 exploded, the scouts were used as auxiliary assistance of the war.Moreover, those who ages fifteen to seventeen could undergo special trainings in basic infantry techniques, entrenching, shooting, and signaling. In addition, a specific cadet corps called Mafeking Cadet Corps helped military missions through transmitting messages, decreasing the duties of the military men while providing the boys with something to do during the siege. The Mafeking Cadet Corps composed of young boys was of great help to the military during the siege in 1899 to 1990. Similarities to militarism The resemblances between the Boy Scout movement and groups with m ilitaristic nature are very striking indeed.The similarities between the two would go beyond similarities in their appearance. Boy Scouts are sporting uniforms that could only have been inspired by military uniforms. But more striking is the use of badges to determine ranks or seniority. The concept of â€Å"badges† could be interpreted as one of the drawbacks of the design of the program of the Boy Scout movement. Boy Scouts could be trained and condition to think that everything they do must translate to merits. This could be more than contradicting to the movement’s preamble that is seemingly altruistic.Many critics had posted the striking similarities, even in the design of Boy Scouting badges to those that the military forces are using. It could also be included that the Boy Scout movements also conduct flag ceremonies in an almost religious manner. Only the military forces practice such religiosity towards nationalistic practices like the flag ceremony. The desig n of conducting flag ceremonies, in relation to the argument that Boy Scouting involves much militarism could have been for re-instilling nationalistic thoughts in the minds of young people.In Baden-Powell’s book, Scouting For Boys, he had something that could be relatively too hard to absorbed by young people, but not of young people under militaristic training â€Å"be prepared to die for your country is it need be, so that when the moment arrives you may charge home with confidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The most notable part of his line was targeted to young Boy Scouts â€Å"†¦not caring whether you are going to be killed or not† (Baden-Powell 331-332) For Baden-Powell, the ideal citizenship involves being preparedness for the possibility of death while serving the country.Those lines could be closely associated to what military personnel say all the time, like they are brainwashed or something, especially when they are set to fight in a war. Even the seemingly innoce nt practices of Boy Scouts like songs, chants, and marching finds its roots to military influences. Almost all Boy Scout song and chants have similarities to those of the military forces. There striking similarities in terms of cadence, melody, and content.There is no need to expound on marching as being military influenced. That just requires an open-and-critical mind dashed with even the slightest common sense. Moreover, the similarities go beyond appearances between Boy Scouts and the military. Even the internal design of the Boy Scout program seems to follow militaristic thinking. During the early years of the Boy Scout movement, the divisions of the early version of the Boy Scout movement have very explicit similarities to the way military forces are organized.It was like there is a corresponding branch within the Boy Scout movement to branches of the military forces. In 1912, there was the Sea Scouts, during World War 2 there was the Air Scouts of 1940 (Vane 19). In the founda tional book â€Å"Scouting For Boys†, there was a whole section dedicated for the discussion of the Navy and the Army (Baden-Powell 328-330) Misleading design Militaristic qualities are ever present and obvious at the Boy Scout movement. Yet advocates of the movement persistently dispel the argument that the movement is in anyway militaristic.Their first line of defense was the seemingly innocent and politically stripped words of Robert Baden-Powell (see introduction of this paper). But many critics view Baden-Powell’s design as misleading and leaning towards militaristic ideals. One point of argument by the movement’s critics is that misleading leanings set by Baden-Powell. The founder of the movement claims that Boy Scouts are aiming for high morality. According to critics, that kind of design is also employed by other misleading organizations such as when the pacifist group Boys Life Brigade aiming at â€Å"saving lives.† (Foster) One of the most popul ar interpretations of the Boy Scout movement as a whole is by former president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt. His comments are devoid of any leanings, but still it provides good material for this discussion â€Å"†¦it does not try to make soldiers out of Boy Scouts, but tot make boys who will turn out as men to be fine citizens, and who will, if their country needs them , make better soldiers for having been scouts† (Roosevelt) A critic had analyzed Baden-Powell’s words to his publisher in 1901.Baden-Powell’s words are â€Å"if you want to ensure peace let them see you are prepared for war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That alone could paint a militaristic interpretation, yet Baden-Powell added and pertaining to the Boy Scoutsâ€Å"†¦a wise and practical organization of the splendid material lying ready to our handsâ€Å" (Adams 123) The critic had concluded that the real motive behind the creation of the Boy Scout movement is to provide additional defen se for the British military. (Foster) Conclusion The Boy Scout movement started as an organization that has an altruistic mission of helping young people.But political opportunists had recognized the potential of the growing movement. And by their power and influences, they had managed to create a seemingly innocent movement that has subtly incorporated militaristic traits. Moreover, the Boy Scout movement can not deny the fact that their origins are of militaristic nature. Even the founder of the movement had come from the military. It is just understandable that he may incorporate militaristic ideals in the formulation of the organization that he had started.Having a militaristic origin does not reflect negatively on the Boy Scouts of today. What is the most efficient way to do is to separate negative and positive traits from militarism. They should reject negative militaristic traits like leanings towards war. More importantly, preserve positive militaristic traits like high-leve ls of discipline and nationalism. Works cited Adams, William Scovell . Edwardian Portraits. UK: Secker and Warberg. 1957 Baden-Powell, Robert. Scouting For Boys: The Original 1908 Edition.Dover Publications ,Incorporated. 2007 Boehmer, Elleke (2004). Notes to 2004 edition of Scouting for Boys. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Elleke, Boehmer. Notes to 2004 edition of Scouting for Boys. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004 Jeal, Tim, Baden-Powell, Hutchinson. The Vane Rebellion Pages. 1989 Michael Foster. MILITARISM AND THE SCOUT MOVEMENT. Scout History Association. 17 April 2008 Vane, Sir Francis. The Boy Knight, The Council of the National Peace Scouts. 1910

Physical Exercise Effect on Adolescents

Physical exercises is very important to the body of a normal human being as they have several benefits mainly for the aged people. Some researchers have examined how the human intelligence is affected by physical exercise. In the The executive function in human has been facilitated by the physical exercise. Although some exercises are very simple they are very important to our body because they can enhance our mental functions and development. Very many years ago during the time of the ancient Greeks there was a belief that the intelligent ability is highly affected by the physical exercise that a person takes. Evaluation of the relationship between the children intelligence and physical exercise has not been yet done (Kirkendall, 1986). From some researches that where done very recently, it was discovered that fitness is in terms of academic intelligence or achievements. In most cases the students who get very good grades in their exams are associated positively with physical exercises. According to the California department of education the kids who perform better in they academically are physically fit. Having daily physical exercises is very important will help a student to increase her reading skills, in mathematics subject and also in the science subjects. The time lost during the physical exercises doesn’t affect the performance of a student, but instead it helps boost their grade According to a meta-analysis that was done on 16 studies by the use of true experimental designs, there is a very great relationship between physical activity and the academic achievement of a student along a list of some measurements which include the intelligent quotient, the academic achievements memory and mathematics tests. The results after this study showed that all these categories are affected positively by physical activities except memory According to the finding, fitness may have a relationship with cognitive function. Fitness cannot provide any understanding of the mechanism by which the brain can be affected by aerobic fitness in kids. Participation in the physical activity by the children may be affected some factors like socioeconomic status and this make it very difficult to the influence of fitness. The importance of the research that was done recently was to determine and know more about hoe the brain function of the child is related to high or low fitness of children. As a person ages their mental acclivity is affected by physical exercises. Some experiments where done on animals and human. From the results out of the experiments, it was found that the number of exercises that a person does in several weeks’ changes the way the brain functions and this triggers cognition and behavior. As one is doing the physical exercises, there are some biological responses in both muscles and organs of a person and this changes the structure and the way the brain functions (Dishman et al. 2006). If physical exercise had the same impact on children like in the adults, their mental activity in education would be improved. People must be engaged in both physical and activities and aerobic fitness. This is because they are related to the p3 and the behavioral performance in adults. The adults who are always in physical and aerobic exercises have very great amplitude of the p3 and it is always have very fast latency. According to this finding, one can understand that the aerobic exercise may influence neuroelectric concomitants of attentiveness allocation of the working memory and the processing speed of a human being. In the highly fit people you can observe very fast and more accurate behaviors. According tot the results from the findings, the process which is involved in behavioral response in the human body has a great relationship with the aerobic exercise. When we compare the performance of the stimulus tasks between children and young adults, we are able to note a very big difference. The children have a lower performance of stimulus compared to that of the young adults. This is as a result of very complex as they include the maturation of the course of action concerned in operational memory and inhibitory function and the development of some regions in the brains. Research has been done on the P3 ad has resulted to the improvement of the brain and consequent cognitive processes in the children. There is very long p3 latency in preadolescent children Compared to the adults and this shows a very low speed in cognitive processing. The findings regarding the p3 are not very clear although the children indicate very high results or n defense in amplitude when compared to that of the adults. Cognition is a term that is used to describe several processes in the human brain which include working planning response and scheduling. After the analysis of the researches done, it is revealed that aerobic performance has an effect on the cognitive performance. The conclusion was that the level of fitness determines the volatility of ones brain and the link is very strong. Improved cognition in children is greatly related to the physical activity that they take. It doesn’t matter the type of exercise they take but the fact is that all of them affect the mental activity. The young children and young elementary are greatly affected by the physical activity that they always take. In order to increase your intelligence you can take very many physical activities but increasing your brain power will can for shifts in the way you live and think. When you take very regular physical exercises, you can be sure of getting increase of 10-15 of IQ points. This is very simply and it can easily fit in your daily activities and program.

The politics of deficits, surpluses, borrowing and debt Essay - 1

The politics of deficits, surpluses, borrowing and debt - Essay Example A diverse empirical literature is provided by research based on industry level-data [Rajan and Zingales 1998; Wurgler 2000], time-series research [Neusser and Kugler 1998; Rousseau and Wachtel 1998, 2000], and econometric investigations that use panel techniques [Beck, Levine, and Loayza, 2000] supports the view that financial systems are essential for economic growth. While a strong relationship exists how sound and well-functioning financial markets impact economic growth, Beck et al raise a critical question: ‘How did some countries develop well-functioning financial systems, while others did not? Why do some countries have particular laws and enforcement mechanisms that support the operation of free, competitive financial markets, while others do not?’ (2001, p.2). Particularly, why do some countries post huge budget surplus amounts while other states suffer prolonged effects of massive budget deficits? According to Petersen (1999), governments face the fundamental issue of using credit and raising funds in the present that will be repaid in the future with interest, a cost just like any other economic choice. Governments usually borrow in order to finance deficits (easier than to raise taxes), stabilize the economy in the short term and invest in productive infrastructure and economy upskilling in the long-term. Foreign borrowing allows a country to invest and consume beyond the limits of current domestic production and, in effect, finance capital formation not only by mobilizing domestic savings but also by tapping savings from capital surplus countries (Narayanan 2002). Petersen notes that national governments face more options in this regard because it has control over the money supply as well as the operation of the banking system and credit markets than its local counterparts but argues that the more open that national economies have developed, â€Å"the more even those opti ons are curbed by the workings of the international economy†