Being There by Jerzy Kosinski Essay - 1606 Words

In his novel Being There, Jerzy Kosinski shows how present day culture has strayed away from the ideal society that Plato describes in his allegory of the cave. In his metaphor, Plato describes the different stages of life and education through the use of a cave. In the first level of the cave, Plato describes prisoners who are shackled and facing a blank wall. Behind them is a wall of fire with a partition that various objects are placed and manipulated by another group of people. These shadows are the only action that they ever see. They can only talk to the surrounding prisoners, and watch the puppet show on the wall in front of them. Naturally, the prisoners come to believe that the shadows on the wall in front of them are†¦show more content†¦He knows gardening, and knows it very well. He has his own room in the Old Mans house, and is not permitted to leave, or have any visitors. The only connection to the outside world is his TV that he watches constantly. He cannot read or write, and knows little about the world he lives in. Much like the prisoners in the cave, he is a prisoner in the house, only gaining knowledge from the shadows that moved within his TV. His lack of social skills becomes much more apparent once he leaves the house for the first time. He has no intended destination, and wanders the streets. Once he is hurt by the limousine, he is given an injection to ease his pain. As the doctor fills the needle, he wants to show fear, not because he has had this experience before, but because he visualized all the TV incidents in which he had seen injections being given (Kosinski 33). Just like the prisoners in the cave, he was trying to understand a reality based on pictures in order to react to the world around him. One thing that he has never experienced is any type of a sex life. He found himself in a room with EE, where she made a sexual advance towards him. He thought back to a situation on TV where he could imitate an a ctor in a similar scene. He remembers a close embrace and kissing, but unfortunatelyShow MoreRelatedThe Painted Bird: The Monster that Lives in Us All Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesJerzy Kosinski reveals the barbaric acts of civilians in times of war, showing how war changes our sheer humanity. Passed from village to village, he tells the tale of a small gypsy boy wandering without parents during World War II. The horrific tales of the people who took him in, paint a cruel picture of civilization. Was Jerzy Kosinski take on humanity realistic or erroneous? In the first couple weeks of World War II, a six-year-old boy from Eastern Europe was sent to a distant village by hisRead MoreThe Painted Bird Analysis1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe Painted Bird, written by Jerzy Kosinski, follows the perspective of a young boy throughout World War II. 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Kosinski was left on his own to learn and make choices in the middle ofRead More Kosinskis Being There and the Existential Anti-Hero Essay example3188 Words   |  13 PagesKosinskis Being There and the Existential Anti-Hero      Ã‚   Critics have referred to Kosinskis Being There as his worst novel.   Perhaps, Kosinskis prosaic style is deceptive in its apparent simplicity (especially when contrasted with The Painted Bird).   What Kosinski seeks to do, as Welch D. Everman relates, is to stimulate the readers recreative and imaginative task by offering only the essentials...Kosinskis style draws the reader into the incident by refusing to allow him to remainRead MoreHow to Gain the Most from the Media in Our Lives Essay537 Words   |  3 Pagesbased on experiences in their lives, within each decade a shift in norms, trends and technology is observable. Jerzy Kosinski uses a character that perceives society based on television alone to depict the way media affects an individuals perception and how they interact with society. Television , from its dawn has been an ever changing medium all across the world. In Being There television is a standard form of media, much like today , it is a normal aspect of everyday life. This contrastsRead MoreJerzy Kosinski2593 Words   |  11 PagesJerzy Kosinski Jerzy Kosinski was born in Poland in 1933 to Russian parents who had fled the revolution. He was separated from his family when the Nazis invaded in 1939. For six years he wandered form village to village scorned by East European gypsies who feared his hawk like face and penetrating eyes. He survived German terror by his wits and he was struck dumb from the shock that he underwent from this six-year period of wandering. He was mute from age nine to fourteen.(New Yorker) Read More being there Essay590 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Being There is the story of Chance, a simple gardener turned American media hero. He seems to know nothing but television and gardening. His thoughts and judgments are products of television and his gardening experience. Yet through his simple mild mannered ways he unintentionally becomes the center of America’s business news. The author of Being There, Jerzy Kosinski said â€Å"To read a novel is to practice for real life. Fiction doesn’t change anybody’s life, it merelyRead More Being There - A Bit More Like Chance850 Words   |  4 Pages Being There - A Bit More Like Chance nbsp; While watching the movie Being There, the viewer begins to notice just how different the book and the movie are. While the book appeals more to the readers emotions, the movie gives a comical outlook on the problems faced in both the book and the movie. The contrast between the two places them into separate categories--a touching story about a man trapped in a world of which he knows nothing about and a satirical comedy about the very sameRead MoreThe Painted Bird By Jerzy Kosinski1425 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1965, Jerzy Kosinski wrote his controversial novel â€Å"The Painted Bird†, which tells the story of a young six year old unnamed boy’s journey to survive during the violence and horrors of World War II. Kosinski shows readers how war can change people, as well as how barbaric human beings can act during wartime. During this time the Nazi sentiment was spreading like wildfire throughout central Europe. Hitler took great measures to ensure that Nazi’s r emained in control by using cruelty and violenceRead More Suicide Essay850 Words   |  4 Pageseveryone that have caused their feelings of depression. Sometimes suicide has been used as a form of execution. Perhaps the most famous such case is that of the philosopher Socrates, who was required to drink hemlock to end his life in 399 BC, after being found guilty of corrupting the youth of Athens. In the 20th century the German general Erwin Rommel took poison rather than be executed for his role in a plot to oust Adolf Hitler from office. In some societies suicide has had social ties. In Japan

Capitalism vs Democracy - 2344 Words

Capitalism and Democracy The political system and the economic system of the United States have been intertwined since the very founding of our country. Although there are many different views on how well the systems work or how they function, this has been a common thought shared by all different sides. Some have an optimistic view of capitalism, while others feel as though capitalism favors too few people. Two major points of view, the conservative and the â€Å"reform† liberal, describe how capitalism works, and the role for the government in managing the marketplace, in two similar, yet very different ways. First, we look at the thoughts of Milton Friedman, of the conservative point of view. According to Friedman, capitalism is a free†¦show more content†¦It would also be the function of the government to regulate â€Å"public goods†, or something where it is difficult or impossible to determine the particular user or the amount used. For example, a lightho use is a public good, because it is almost impossible to identify who uses the light to guide them or how often they use it. Friedman ultimately believes that the government should stay out of economic affairs as much as possible, for every time the government acts the freedom of the people shrinks, and all government interventions have more costs then they do benefits. When the government regulates the way a business operates, for example, requiring steel plants to put filters on their smoke stacks, it increases the cost of doing business, which increases prices and decreases sales, production, jobs and wages. Capitalism, according to Friedman, has a way of efficiently working things out on its own, and needs very little government intervention. Many programs we have today, such as social security, Medicare, and welfare to name a few, Friedman would do away with, as they are the responsibility of the individual, not the government. The marketplace is even more proportional to publi c demand than the political system is, and will constantly cycle through different phases and work itself out without the need of government regulation. Milton Friedman looks at capitalism as a free and voluntary system that should be driven by the consumer notShow MoreRelatedCapitalism Vs. Communism And Communism1266 Words   |  6 PagesMr. Raia Creative Writing 1 5 May 2015 Capitalism vs Communism Throughout history, people have tested many different political systems have a better society. The most common political systems that people have tested are monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, aristocracy and democracy. I will talk about capitalism and communism in this research paper. Both those systems are created to change the economic situation. There have been a huge debate about Capitalism vs Communism. Throughout this research paperRead MoreRevisionist Socialism1088 Words   |  5 PagesRevisionist Socialism What is it? Revisionist socialism seeks to reform or tame capitalism rather than abolish it. †¨It seeks to reconcile socialism with capitalism. It seeks social justice in the sense of narrowing the economic and social inequalities (to varying degrees) within capitalism through welfare and redistribution. Social democracy is the most obvious example of revisionist socialism. Revisionists are invariably parliamentary, not revolutionary, socialists. Bernstien BeginningRead MoreContrasting Views Of Postwar Germany820 Words   |  4 Pagesand Weaknesses of German Democracy (November 12, 1962)†. Eventually, defeated Germany was carved into Soviet, American, British and French zones of occupation. The city of Berlin, though technically part of the Soviet zone, was also split, with the Soviets taking the eastern part of the city. The communist leader on the East side Ulbricht closed off the access between the East and West by building the â€Å"iron curtain†. 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Through globalization economies, civilizations and societies become integrated into a globalised arrangement of political ideas. There are certain characteristics that describe globalization. In a globalised economy thereRead MoreThe Cold War : American Liberalism Vs. Soviet Communism1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War - was at its root a battle of ideas: American liberalism vs. Soviet Communism. The two ideologies clashed at their very nature, which led to deep mistrust and fear of the unknown about the unpredictability of the other. The two world powers simply could not exist without conflict. As a result, The United States of America took measures to prevent the worst: war. The steps the U.S.A took to quench the possibility of war separated the world even more, as they gave aid to some countriesRead MoreWho Stole The American Dream?756 Words   |  4 Pagespaints a clear and accessible but grim portrait of how economics, politics, power, and democracy have vastly changed in the United States. I agree with Smith that wealth and power inequality are extremely harmful. That a few individuals have prospere d at the expense of the many is extremely unethical and unjust. I appreciate his critique of the current system, and historical perspective regarding how democracy has been systematically and intentionally eroded by corporate interests. I am conflictedRead MoreContexts of Metropolis and 19841295 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Contexts of Metropolis and 1984 Metropolis Russian revolution, November 1917 Socialists led by Lenin and Trotsky overthrow imperial order and execute Tsar and his family in July 1918 Revolutionary socialism seen as alternate political system to capitalism Huge amount of mutinies and strikes especially from the army who were weakened from war with Germany and did not feel like they had the capacity to shut down the outbreak Socialists had support from lower classes and political left with the ProvisionalRead MoreThe Difference between Democratic Government and Oligarchy Government833 Words   |  4 PagesDemocratic Government VS Oligarchy Government â€Å"The government is merely a servant -- merely a temporary servant; it cannot be its prerogative to determine what is right and what is wrong, and decide who is a patriot and who isnt. Its function is to obey orders, not originate them.† Mark Twain Democracy and Oligarcy as forms of government have been in existence for a long period of time, both terms first appeared in ancient Greek political and philosophical thought. Both formsRead MoreSocialism And The Current System Of Capitalism1500 Words   |  6 Pagesnot fully understand what it means. In this paper I will show you why socialism will be the death to America and why we need to keep our current system of capitalism. There is a quote by Alexis De Tocqueville to help prove my point, â€Å"Democracy and socialism have nothing in common but one word, equality. But notice the difference: while democracy seeks equality in liberty, socialism seeks equality in restraint and servitude† (brainyquote.com, n.d.). To fully understand what socialism is one must first

Analysis Of The Poem Easter Wings - 1030 Words

Amethzary Monroy ENG213 Explication Paper Final Draft November 18, 2015 Easter Wings George Herbert was a poet who characterized his poems by a deep religious devotion, verbal precision, musical swiftness, and clever use of vanity. In his poem Easter Wings, he manages to explain in simple and moving language some of the most complex ideas in all of Christian thought. To give even a broader idea of the poem, he purposely shaped his poem into the shape of bird wings. Thus, he uses imagery to show what he is telling through his poem, making it a visual poem. Giving the poem form, it allows Herbert to revitalization poetry into a montage experience that engages both the brain and the eyes. Revolving this poem into the theme of death and sin, the shape enhances the message. Along with visual imagery, Herbert also uses vast sum of mental imagery so new realities and senses can be found with each reading. He explains his wish to fly with Christ as a result of Jesus’ sacrifice, death and resurrection. Herbert creates a ten line, two stanza poem that expo ses the misery of sin and the ability of God’s love. The argument is easily explained with the help of Herbert’s address to the â€Å"Lord† in the initial line of the first stanza in the original text. The poem is actually a work within a work with many hidden meanings and suggestions. In the second half of each stanza, Herbert asks to rise up with the resurrected Christ and celebrate Easter s victory over death. Meanwhile, heShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Easter Wings By George Herbert947 Words   |  4 PagesReligious is a strong topic because many people accept it and others do not. Beliefs are very important in the life of several human beings and people enjoy expressing them. The poem, â€Å"Easter Wings,† illustrates the life of the first man on Earth, Adam, and the present life of George Herbert, the author, in 1633. This poetry battles between the loss of hope and hope and is a reflection on the author’s life. In the first stanza t he author mentions how Adam had it all and then because of his sin heRead MoreComparative Stylistic Analysis of a Poem3580 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿ Comparative Stylistic Analysis of a Poem Submitted to: Mrs. Daisy O. Casipit Submitted by: Lovely Anne B. Unquida (BSEd3-3) October 2013 Easter Wings by George Herbert Lord, who createdst man in wealth and store,    Though foolishly he lost the same,   Ã‚      Decaying more and more,   Ã‚     Ã‚   Till he became   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most poore:   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With thee      Ã‚  Ã‚   Oh let me rise As larks, harmoniously, And sing this day   thy victories: Then shall the fall furtherRead MoreThe Collar by George Herbert - Biography and Analysis1588 Words   |  7 PagesIn George Herbert s poem The Collar, published in The Temple (1633), the author/persona rebels against the casuistry that the Christian life imposes, only to be brought back finally into childlike submission when he hears (or thinks he hears) the Lord s gentle rebuke. My argument is that, astoundingly, the poem s elaborate, random-seeming rhyme scheme--itself collar-like because it edges the poem--encodes witty messages that force us to rethink the poem s meaning, especially its seriousRead Morethatcher4803 Words   |  20 PagesAltar†, â€Å"Love III† 5. Andrew Marvell, â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† 6. T.S. Eliot, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, â€Å"Journey of the Magi† 2. Poems for individual reading: 1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 73 (â€Å"That time of year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 2. John Donne, â€Å"Holy Sonnet I† (â€Å"Thou hast made me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), â€Å"Holy Sonnet IX† (â€Å"If poisonous minerals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), 3. George Herbert, â€Å"Easter†, â€Å"Denial†, â€Å"Paradise† 4. Andrew Marvell, â€Å"On a Drop of Dew† 5. Richard Crashaw, â€Å"On the Wounds of our Crucified Lord† 6. Gerard Manley HopkinsRead MoreWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 PagesWho Goes With Fergus This poem is about the dichotomy of the thinker and the actor. Yeats, in love with Maud Gonne, was the thinker, the courtly lover -- the one who would brood upon loves bitter mystery. Yeats was Mr. Nice Guy. Yet Yeats wanted to be the actor - the alpha male - the Fergus. Note the sexualized subtext that permeates the poem, who will pierce the deep woods woven shade? Who will drive with Fergus. Finally, we get the reasons to be the alpha male - the man of action, in theRead MoreLiterature and Language10588 Words   |  43 Pages: ex.9-1 The 1960 dream of high rise living soon turned into a nightmare. In this sentence, there is nothing grammatically unusual or â€Å"deviant† in the way the words of the sentence are put together. However, in the following verse from a poem, the grammatical structure seems to be much more challenging, and makes more demands on our interpretative processing of these lines: ex.9-2 Four storeys have no windows left to smash But in the fifth a chipped sill buttresses Read MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagesreveals these deep ties to the South, and though often set in Mississippi, her stories reveal truths about the human condition that transcend region. Welty has published several collections of short stories, six novels, and has tried her hand at plays, poems, and childrens books. Weltys published photographs also reveal an artist with a sharp eye for detail and compassionate treatment of her subjects. Winner of the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for her novel The Optimists Daughter, several O. Henry Awards, twoRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesreveals these deep ties to the South, and though often set in Mississippi, her stories reveal truths about the human condition that transcend region. Welty has published several collections of short stories, six novels, and has tried her hand at plays, poems, and childrens books. Weltys published photographs also reveal an artist with a sharp eye for detail and comp assionate treatment of her subjects. Winner of the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for her novel The Optimists Daughter, several O. Henry Awards, twoRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageslooking at alternative actions that can be taken, then considering the probable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. 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Female Idealizations And Norms Within The Films Like Water...

The complex web of cultural determinations and predefined ideological system are predominant in the lives of the female characters named Tita, Gertrudis, and Frida Kahlo in the movies Like Water for Chocolate and Frida. Furthermore, throughout history, the development of female idealizations and norms, which powerfully influences the behavior of women throughout society, has derived from a masculine structure that is imposed onto the female gender. Although this is still prevalent in modern culture, throughout the years surrounding the Mexican Revolution, women were perceived as subordinate to men due to particular cultural determinants and predefined beliefs that existed within the structure of society. Specifically, this structure played a leading role in the lives of women, which regarded them as inferior to men while characteristically portraying women in traditional domestic roles, thereby influencing the social norm of femininity throughout civilization. Predominantly, througho ut the films, the existence of the complex web of cultural determinations and the predefined ideological system within social and family traditions largely impacts the dominant character and behavior of Tita, Gertrudis, and Frida. As such, in order to break free from the complex web of cultural determinations, and challenge the predefined ideological systems in their lives, the female characters of Tita, Gertrudis, and Frida behave in rebellious ways that reject the given traditions amongst their

Strategic Human Resources Management

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Human Resources Management . Answer: Introduction The Austin health is one of the main providers of health professional education as well as tertiary health services and research in the North east of Melbourne in Australia. The institution is made up of the Austin Hospital, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital and the Royal Talbot Rehabilitation center. As of February 2017, the hospital operates 980 beds across acute, mental health and sub-acute with an estimated annual budget of over AUD700 Million(Austin, 2017). The institution is international recognized as being a leader in the training, clinical teaching for affiliated eight universities. The facility is also the largest provider of training for specialist surgeons and physicians in Victoria. As per 2013-14, the institution completed 95,142 inpatient admissions, 75, 366 emergency attendance and 177,027 outpatient attendance(Austin, 2017). The focus of this strategic Human resource plan will be in one of its branches the Austin heath Heidelberg facility. This facility was originally built in 1941 and became part of Austin health in 1995(Austin, 2017). The main activities of the facility has been to care for war veterans and widows. As of now, the Heidelberg health facility is a major player in the treatment of war veterans and widows while at the same time providing service to the communities around. Some of the services offered in the facility include palliative care, day surgery, mental health services, outpatient services like nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, radiology and radiation oncology. The strategic mission for the human resource management department will only be realized if every employee is aware of their roles and exercise these roles well through the facilitys core values. In this manner, each staff will be able to enjoy the benefits of the new human resource strategic plan by working through a common good. By carefully setting up the Human resource strategy of Austin health, it is comes out clearly that as a hospital the facility is yet to deal with a lot of real human resources issues which leads to any form of disciplinary action. Company Vision and Strategy With regard to Austin Health, the companys vision is going to be to change the healthcare system for the better. This will be done through education, world class research and exceptional patient care(Anand Daft, 2007). To achieve this, the facility is going to work through reputable values such as integrity, accountability, respect and excellence(Adler Elmhorst, 2010). The mission of the hospital ensures the facility has adopted new circumstances that establish a workable human resource department that foster patient care and human dignity. Key Strategic HR Issues According to Benn Bolton, (2011); Baumruk, Jr., Gorman, Robert, Ingham, (2006) and Dowling, Festing, Engle (2013), the human resources management functions in hospitals is one way of driving change in a hospital facility. This means that having a better workforce strategy will ensure better patient care as well as business performance for the hospital(Peters, 2011)(Best, 2008). Some of the Human Resources issues for the hospital facilities are identified as follows: Poor Staff Retention staff retention is one of the major human resource issue for a hospital in Austin Health Heidelberg(Austin, 2017). Some of the consequence that have been realized in the facility include high cost of employee turnover from time to time(Anand Daft, 2007). The knowledge of the company also becomes at a greater loss and the staff seem to experience low work morale. All of the above issues are detrimental for an organisation. According to Peters, (2011), the retention of staff is one of the main factors that determine long term success and health of the facility. It is thus important that the health facility find a better strategy to retain their best employees and ensure that all patients are satisfied, the hospital is able to generate revenue(Lorshe, 2012). This will also ensure that staff, co-workers and other reporting staff are satisfied, there is an effective succession planning and organisation knowledge and learning is exercised. The hospital staff assessment program is also one of the main issues in the Human resource department. There needs to be a well-defined assessment center specifically for the Heidberg facility based no competence selection for vacancies in the organisation(Armstrong, 2009). The approach is important as it ensures the hospitals commitment to the delivery of dignity in care through a proper workforce that is led by requisite values and behaviors. In this regard, there should be modalities for induction process as well.Recruitment Process The recruitment process is also another human resource issue. A proper recruitment process will ensure that staff are well selected on merit and can be retained for a long time. Jain Jain (2014) argues that recruitment process will also vary with the department and economic conditions of the country. Cultural Shift Cultural shift will also be a human resource management issue especially when it comes to employee retention. With the change in management, some employees will be resistant to change. According to Anand Daft (2007), resistance to change in an organisation will usually take different forms, some of them will include those employees that will undermine the new director initiatives, others will withhold information and other active forms of resistance like planned strike(Securitas, 2015). According to Baumruk, Jr., Gorman, Robert, Ingham (2006), poor communication is also a cultural issue in human resource management that will surround the effectiveness of change management because an imposed change is bound to encourage employee resistance. 12 Month HR Plan The Initiative Rationale Priorities Time Frame Success Measures 1 Recruit Highly Professional and experienced staff This will ensure that there is increased patient satisfaction for services and less resistance to the new strategies. By doing so, the hospital facility will also be in a better position to effect new organisation culture. Review staff information for each department and assess qualifications/ Hold a one day orientation workshop for that will introduce new policies and deliverables to staff. March 2017 1. Improved services with regard to patient care and treatment. 2. Low staff turnover. 3. Cultural change taking effect with little resistance. 2. Orientation Training for the new team Orientation training will be very vital as the new management takes place. This will ensure that all staff understand the directors mission and vision. It will also enable strong teamwork as all the staff in the organisation will be able to work towards a specific goal. Orientation training will also be a better opportunity for the old staff to address their human resource issues. Conduct baseline assessment to identify strategic human resource issues. Come up with an orientation training curriculum that will address the human resource issue at the facility. Select staff to participate in the orientation training. Draw a budget for the orientation training. There will also be continuous seminars conducted as part of refresher courses for staff to ensure that they are up to date with the new technologies and patient care. March 2017 1. Complete orientation training curriculum for the established and new staff. 2. Complete training done. 3. Implementation of the new strategies in the organisation by trained staff. 4. Employee satisfaction on the new human resource strategy. 3 Employee Assessment The new strategy will ensure that each employee is evaluated each month. This is important as it will enable the director understand progress of each employee and find ways of improving. It will also ensure that the management knows whether employees are performing with regard to the facilitys mission and vision. Through continuous assessment systems, the management will be able to judge whether employees are matured for salary increase and other forms of reward. It will also make the management understand how employees view the company and if there is reason for change. 1. Formulate a continuous assessment program. 2. Select employees for assessment and assessment dates. 3. Formulated an appraisal system for best performing employees. May, August and November 2017 1. High performance among employees. 2. Employee promotion and reward system implemented. 3. Increased employee morale and patient satisfaction. 4. Positive perception of employee about the new human resource management team. 4. Initiate Compensation, Benefits and reward programs This will ensure that every hired employee is compensated with a basic pay wage according to the standard of Melbourne. In addition, through this initiative, all ranks including those responsible for records and store keeping will receive an additional pay in terms of profit sharing in every four months. There will also be performance based incentives or reward, these will be used in motivating employees against poor performance and turnover. Through compensation and reward programs, the hospital facility hopes to retain well experienced and high performing employees, it will ensure that they are not bought out by other hospitals with competitive pay package. 1. The Human resource department will conduct and review the salary scale for each employee. This will be done in relation to qualification, work experience, experience with the hospital and performance levels of the employee. 2. New pay packaged will be implemented with regard to provided human resource guidelines. 3. Implementation of the new pay package will be in effect after approval by the board. April 2017 1. Low staff turnover. 2. Increased performance. 3. Improved lifestyle among employees. 4. Satisfied patient. 5. Corporate recognition during resignation, Promotion and Termination. This is an important aspect for the new human resource strategy. Firstly, it will provide terminated employees with required support as they seek new employment based on the condition of termination or dismissal. The initiative will also be important as it ensures that employees will be looking to elevate their education or competency level are provided with assistance in case the facility is unable to provide them with requested position. In this regard, the company will also include employee resumes in the pool of recommendations and for future recruitment should the desired space be available. 1. The first point will be to ensure that there is proper filing system for all employees in the organisation. Employee data will all be entered in to a customized hospital software that shall contain all staff records. Information about employee being terminated will be provided by the human resource department upon request. There will be a follow up program and compensation package to ensure that employees terminated have been absorbed or continue well with their careers. A data base for best performing employees will be kept for future reference and selection. Throughout the year. 1. Low employee turnover. 2. Absorption of former Austin Heidberg employees to other affiliate programs and health institutions. 3. Proof of compensation for terminated employees and recommendations. Conclusion In conclusion, the hospitals human resource management current strategy is not fluent. In addition, procedures were found to be put in a haphazard way. Some of the areas that need to be considered is an increase in financial resource and get rid of the facilitys out of date policies. The other important area is to ensure continuous implementation for training and recruitment programs. This should especially focus on work performance, employee motivation and patient care. These are important in reducing employee turnover among other legal personnel issues in organisations. At this, there should be very clear guidelines that are going to protect the hospitals workforce, employee interests and the interest of patients. Succession plans should ensure that running of the hospital is effective. In addition, there should be clear channels of promotion, termination and recruitment of employees. This will ensure the hospital has established a culture of fairness and integrity in the human res ource department. References Adler, R. Elmhorst, J., 2010. Communication at work: principles and practices for business and the professions. 10th ed. New York, NY.: McGraw Hill. Anand, N. Daft, R. L., 2007. What is the right organisation design?. Organisation dynamics, 36(4), pp. 329-344. Armstrong, M., 2009. Armstrong's handbook of management Practice. 10 ed. London: Kogan. Austin, 2017. About us. [Online] Available at: https://www.austin.org.au/heidelberg-repatriation-hospital/ Austin, 2017. Austin Hospital. [Online] Available at: https://www.austin.org.au/austin-hospital Baumruk, R. et al., 2006. Why Managers Are Crucial to Increasing Engagement. Strategic HR Review, 5(2), pp. 24-27. Benn, S. Bolton, D., 2011. Key Concepts in Corporate Social Responsibility (SAGE Key Concepts series). In: s.l.:SAGE Publications Ltd; 1 edition, pp. 47-109. Best, R., 2008. Market-Based Management (5th Edition). 5 ed. Ney York: Prentice Hall. Daley, D. M., 2010. Strategic Human Resource Management: People and Performance Management in the Public Sector. In: New York: Pearson, pp. 45-98. Davis, P., Frolova, Y. Callahan, W., 2016. Workplace diversity management in Australia. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 35(2), pp. 81-98. Dowling, P., Festing, M. Engle, A., 2013. International Human Resources Management. 6 ed. New York: Cengage Learning EMEA. Enterprise, B., 2001. Managing a Multicultural Workforce.. [Online] Available at: https://black-enterprise.vlex.com/vid/managing-multicultural-workforce-52853963 [Accessed 7 December 2016]. Evans, J. Dean, J., 2011. Total quality: management, organization, and strategy. 2 ed. Cincinnati: South-Western College Pub,. Griffin, J. Mahon, J., 2007. The corporate social performance and corporate financial performance debate: Twenty-five years of incomparable research.. Business Society , 36(1), p. 531. Jain, S. Jain, R., 2014. Employee reactions to performance appraisal system in Indian banks. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 49(4), p. 576. Lorshe, J., 2012. The Future of Boards: Meeting the Governance Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. s.l.:Harvard Business Review Press . Peters, m., 2011. Governance: corporate social responsibilty and employee accountability. Innovation: Management, Policy, Practice, 8(1), pp. 8-12. Scullion, H. Linehan, M., 2005. International human resource management: a critical text. management work organisation, p. 344. Securitas, 2015. Risk management Activities. [Online] Available at: https://www.securitas.com/en/corporate-governance/enterprise-risk-management/risk-management-activities/ [Accessed 12 September 2016]. Strategic Human Resources Management Question: Discuss about the Strategic Human Resources Management. Answer: Introduction Organizational managers and leaders play the integral role of handling employee relation in order to attain organizational goals and objectives(Isidor, 2011). It is by effective handling of employee relation that an organization is able to attain employee satisfaction, motivation and hence productivity. The report analyses the effect of inappropriate employee relation handling by a truck company and its managers. The ineffectiveness resulted in low employee morale and dissatisfaction levels which affected productivity and approaches that an employee developed towards the company. Post the company got taken over by another national truck company and a new manager was appointed, employee motivational levels were highly impacted(Armstrong, 2014). The high motivation levels for employees resulted in better performance, more productivity, and improvement of employee relations. Constructive Relations at Top Trucking Company Ways in which new workplace practices introduced by the new yard manager complement one another Top Trucking company at Wollongong yard was a family run business that was handled by an appointed manager. The family as well as the manager had a reluctant attitude towards the drivers as well as their union leader. They adopted traditional managerial approach of dominance by showcasing a supervisor and subordinate relationship. However, post the family run truck company was taken over by a national transport group, the managerial attributes changed. The new company board appointed a new manager by replacing the old manager, as it was also his time to retire(Collins, 2006). The new manager followed modern techniques in handling employees and in negotiating with the union. The new managers dealt with the drivers of the trucks with immense respect and maintained steady communication with them such as to ensure that flow of information and ideas takes place from the company heads to the drivers at the other end. The new company invested in the tuck company by changing several trucks and also by providing the drivers with dresses that they could wear during their service at the company. This greatly affected employee morale and work level motivation for the drivers, who were till date treated as children by their previous managers(Armstrong, 2014). The manager often communicated regarding the various pressure that he dealt with and the deliverables that were expected from the drivers of the trucks. This mode of communication enhanced employee morale and job commitment and the drivers were more eager to fulfill their job roles. The union leader found the newly manager easy to deal with regarding various issues pertaining to employee satisfaction(Guest, 2011). The newly adopted work place practiced were thus completing the new appointed managers behaviors. The new company wanted to instigate and invest in the business so as to revive the business. The new manager adopted practices that could en hance the traditional work culture by transforming the systems that persisted and work environments. The new company invested in new trucks and dresses for the drivers, whereas the new manager was keen to establish a positive relationship with the primary employees of the business, truck drivers(Harzallah, 2006). Both of their focus was to attain work level motivation such that the company could attain and deliver high level of performance. Risks to sustaining changes if George or the yard manager moves on In the truck company post take over by the national truck company and appointment of a new manager several work practices were implemented and changed. The new manager established a dialogue between the company and its most important stakeholder the drivers. The newly appointed manager had made immense efforts in developing employee relations with the current company(Daley, 2006). The employee had a negative though and regards for the company, but the newly appointed manager was able to mold the same. The new manager adopted the role of a transformational leader by inspiring and motivating the drivers to work. Employee relations are driven by particular managers or leaders, who envisions the change and employee develops an element of trust in him. Change is a transitory process that creates either positive or negative impact in the minds of employees. Therefore any organization adapting to a changed process does so through a leader who is capable of handling the changed procedure, he nce it is important that the leader or manager whoever is responsible for initiating the changed process continues with the organization as well as with its employees to sustain the change process(Jiang, 2012). In this case the newly adapted change was applied by the new manager hence employees already have developed a mental dependence towards the individual and is motivated due to the role of the person. But in case of his absence, it can create a negative impact in the minds of the employees and they can either decide to leave the organization or follow their course of action, which might result in a strike. These are the possible outcomes the organization is susceptible to face in case the manager moves on(Chen, 2009). George has also been instrumental in the truck company being able to deliver results till date. George had on several instances played the role of a leader who attends to his employees. He demonstrated tremendous leadership qualities and skills for which he was highly liked and followed. But in case George moves to another company or to the head office of the same company then its possible that the company can face high employee turnover(Becker, 2006). As George has been providing employee empowerment to employee and also supporting them in times of crisis, this has led to the drivers building immense trust on him. He has been a leader who has been driven organizational performance levels by motivating his subordinates and fellow employees. Thus, employees have in-built trust on him and performs on the basis of direction provided by him. In case he is absent employees will lack the sense of direction in performance, and can in turn leave the organization. The organization can also ex pect adverse performance from its employees as a result of this(Lengnick-Hall, 2009). Hence it is extremely important that he continues with the current set-up of employees in order to enhance and maintain organizational level performances. Tough blue collar unions like the Transport Workers Union are more of less likely to engage in workplace changes like these than public or service sector unions. Reasons for such justifications. Adopting workplace related changes requires tremendous amount of efforts and vision on the part of both the company as well as its unions. Often companies and unions are unable to visualize the potential effects from adopting a workplace related change. Hence tough blue collar unions like Transport Workers Union are more of less likely to adopt changes in the workplace. Blue collar unions attaches great importance to themselves and their roles in the organizations, they apply their roles in bargaining contracts with managers and leaders of organizations(Chen, 2009). With adaptation of workplace related changes the importance of these unions will greatly be affected and hence they will not be interested in engaging in workplace related changes. Public and service sector unions on the other hand are less powerful and will want to adopt these changes for improving and impacting employee performance levels within an organization(Williams, 2006). Employee relation improvement can be seen as a modern technique of handling employee motivation and job satisfaction levels. Hence organizations or unions that adopt to these changes are more contemporary in nature and wants to apply improvement for the employees as well as for the organization. but reluctance from the part of employees or organizations can result in low employee morale and motivational levels leading to low job satisfaction and high turnover ratios(Turner Parish, 2008). Often organizations that has adopted contemporary approaches in handling employees have removed or reduced the role of unions in negotiating contracts and in handling employee disputes. The growing unimportance of these unions are seen negatively often by many thus, there is a level of reluctance in adopting to these changes. Practical researches and data from employee and trade union disputes reflect that there is reluctance amongst many in adapting to the process of improved employee relations(Edwards, 2009). However, with rapid expansion in companies and globalization unions have realized that it is in their best of practices to adapt and follow the new norms that drives employee performances. Large organizations are often known to put increased pressure on unions as well as reluctant employees to adopt to these new and improvised norms for better organizational culture and environment. Recommendations The analysis of various factors of employee relation reflects that it is a key aspect that has an important part to play in organizational achievement levels. Organizations are driven by the key performances from its most important resource which is the human resources. Some recommendations for organizations such that employee relation can be maintained are; Conclusion As employee relation is integral, an organizational strategies and that of its managers apply needs to be in line with maintaining and enhancing employee relations such that employee motivation and productivity can be maintained. Employee relations can be maintained by improvement of employee empowerment, by treating employees with adequate respect that they deserve. Employee can deliver immense results if they are satisfied with the organizations behavior and approaches towards them. As employees are the key drivers of organizations, they need to apply strategies such that work level motivation and job satisfaction can be developed. Job satisfaction levels can be greatly be improved by adapting appropriate job design for employee roles. Handling employee relation is a dynamic capability of the organizations which needs to be implemented by its managers, hence organization needs to apply appropriate leadership styles. A superior-subordinate relationship is no more applicable in gaining results, rather a transformational leader, with whom employees can identify themselves and who is a patient listener can act as a proper guide. References Armstrong, M. . (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. . Kogan Page Publishers. Becker, B. E. (2006). Strategic human resources management: where do we go from here?. . Journal of management, 898-925. Chen, C. a. (2009). Strategic human resource practices and innovation performanceThe mediating role of knowledge management capacity. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 104-114. Collins, C. J. (2006). Knowledge exchange and combination: The role of human resource practices in the performance of high-technology firms. Academy of management journal, 544-560. Daley, D. (2006). Strategic human resource management. Public Personnel Management. Current concerns, future challenges, 5, 120-134. Edwards, P. (. (2009). Industrial relations: theory and practice. . John Wiley Sons. Guest, D. E. (2011). Human resource management and performance: still searching for some answers. . Human Resource Management Journal, 3-13. Harzallah, M. B. (2006). Analysis and modeling of individual competencies: toward better management of human resources. IEEE Transactions on Systems, man, and Cybernetics-PART A: Systems and Humans, 36(1), 187-207. Isidor, R. S. (2011). Human resource management and early internationalization: is there a leap-frogging in international staffing?. . The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(10), 2167-2184. Jiang, K. L. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of management Journal, 1264-1294. Lengnick-Hall, M. L.-H. (2009). Strategic human resource management: The evolution of the field. Human Resource Management Review, 64-85. Turner Parish, J. C. (2008). Want to, need to, ought to: employee commitment to organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 32-52. Williams, E. a. (2006). Good, better, best: The human quest for enhancement. . Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Netw4 free essay sample

Netw410 Week 1Report The first objective in the LAN Modeling tutorial is Setting Up the Scenario. The final step in setting up your scenario appears below. 1. (30 points) Once your project is created (after Step 6 above), your workspace will contain a map of the United States. Your project and scenario name can be seen in ITGuru’s top window border in the form of Project: Scenario: . Capture a screenshot of your new project workspace that clearly shows your project and scenario name, and paste it below. 2.(40 points) In college-level paragraph(s), describe how background traffic affects both e-mail data and VoIP data. INTRODUCTION In this week’s lab exercise, we had the opportunity to create a network simulation from the ground up using OpNet IT Guru. The purpose of the exercise was to gain familiarity with OpNet functions along with network objects and associated behavior based on the configuration of network variables. Some of these objects include Application Definitions, Profile Definitions, Subnets, and the various means of connecting these components in a topology. The lab exercise itself provided a foundation for creating a simulated environment that was focused on evaluating the impact of background link load on FTP traffic. After creating the initial simulation environment, we were able to validate the configuration by matching output data for FTP performance with the reference data provided in the iLab instructions document. The graphs below illustrate the student lab configuration findings compared with the iLab reference graphs. The graphs, while not an exact match, provide enough similarity to validate the student simulation environment. Point to Point Utilization (reference) Figure 2 Point to Point Utilization (student) BACKGROUND LINK LOAD Impact on Email Traffic After validating the simulation environment is correctly configured, the iLab Report Instructions ask us how background load affects network performance as it relates to email traffic and voice traffic. In order to assess this impact, it was necessary to add email and voice services to the Profile Configuration and the server named FTP located in the Washington DC subnet. The graphs below illustrate the impact of background load on point to point throughputgt; and point to point utilization for the back_load and no_back_load scenarios. The data in these charts is reflective of using the predefined Email(heavy) application profile metric. Figure 3 – Email Point to Point Throughput (bits/sec) Figure 4 Email Pont to Point Utilization It’s clear that background load has a significant impact on link throughput and utilization. The simulation without background loading remains steady and relatively flat with throughput at roughly 2Kbps and link utilization at under 5%. When background load is added, we see a marked upward trend in utilization and throughput early in the simulation that keeps with our scheme of incrementally ramping up background load from 19,200 to 32,000 during the first 8 minutes, followed by a less pronounced continued upward trend over the remainder of the simulation. Link throughput begins to stabilize at just over 30kbps late in the simulation, while link utilization approaches 50%. Interestingly, we see a sharp drop in email download response time during the first seconds of both scenarios even as background load is ramping up at the same time. However, both scenarios flatten out to a more consistent level as the simulation progresses. The background load simulation stabilizes at roughly 1. 4 seconds for email download response time while the no background simulation settles at about . 7 seconds (see graph below). Figure 5 Email Download Response Time (sec) BACKGROUND LINK LOAD Impact on Voice Traffic As with the FTP and email simulations, the topology was updated to include Voice Over IP (PCM Quality) followed by running new simulations for both scenarios. In this run, we continue to look at point to point throughput? and point to point utilization?. Additionally, we measured packet end to end delay (seconds). Without the use of other voice configuration metrics such as codec selection and quality of service for voice packets, in either scenario voice over IP fails as a result of the high packet delay. The chart below illustrates that the no background load simulation provides better performance for voice packets with an average delay of about 7 seconds. Alternatively, the simulation including background load produced an average packet delay of roughly 8 seconds. Figure 6 Voice Packet End to End Delay (sec) When looking at link utilization metrics, on the other hand, there does not appear to be a significant difference between the background load simulation and the no background load simulation. Figure 7 below indicates that, with the exception of the simulation startup being pre-loaded with 19,200 kbps in background load, both scenarios show a sharp ramp up over the first 8 minutes before leveling off at just over 60kbps. Link utilization, illustrated in figure 8, produced similar results in terms of the trend lines between the two scenarios. Both ramp up sharply over the first several minute and begin to level off as the link utilization approaches 100%. With utilization so high, it’s clear that this particular implementation is not optimized for convergence. Voice services alone would consume all available bandwidth between East Coast sites making it impossible to support email and FTP services concurrently. Figure 7 Point to Point Throughput (bits/sec) Figure 8 Point to Point Utilization CONCLUSION Beginning with the initial lab exercise of comparing throughput and link utilization for FTP stabilized at roughly 10% of capacity while adding background load resulted in a peak utilization of about 55%. Similarly, link throughput for email remained under 5kbps and 5% link utilization with no background load present while spiking up to nearly 50% of link capacity when background load is added. Finally, we learned that there is still some optimization work that needs to be done in order for this topology to be ready for convergence. Both scenarios resulted in nearly 100% link utilization when voice over IP was the only supported service. In any event, it’s clear that background load has a significant impact on the user experience based on download response times as well as efficient use of available link bandwidth.

John Coltrane Essay Example For Students

John Coltrane Essay This phrase, from the liner notes of My Favorite Things clearly defines Coltranes life and his search for the incorporation of his spirituality with his music. John Coltrane was not only an essential contributor to jazz, but also music itself. John Coltrane died thirty-two years ago, on July 17, 1967, at the age of forty. In the years since, his influence has only grown, and the stellar avant-garde saxophonist has become a jazz legend of a stature shared only by Louis Armstrong and Charlie Parker. As an instrumentalist Coltrane was technically and imaginatively equal to both; as a composer he was superior, although he has not received the recognition he deserves for this aspect of his work. In composition he excelled in an astonishing number of forms blues, ballads, spirituals, rhapsodies, elegies, suites, and free-form and cross-cultural works. The closest contemporary analogy to Coltranes relentless search for possibilities was the Beatles redefinition of rock from one album to the next. Yet the distance they traveled from conventional hard rock through sitars and Baroque obligatos to Sergeant Pepper psychedelia and the musical shards of Abbey Road seems short by comparison with Coltranes journey from hard-bop saxist to daring harmonic and modal improviser to dying prophet speaking in tongues. Asked by a Swedish disc jockey in 1960 if he was trying to play what you hear, he said that he was working off set harmonic devices while experimenting with others of which he was not yet certain. Although he was trying to get the one essential . . . he one single line, he felt forced to play everything, for he was unable to work what I know down into a more lyrical line that would be easily understood. Coltrane never found the one line. Nor was he ever to achieve the more beautiful . . . more lyrical sound he aspired to. He complicated rather than simplified his art, making it more visceral, raw, and wild. And even to his greatest fans it was anything but easily understood. In this failure, however, Coltrane contributed far more than he could have in success, for above all, his legacy to his followers is the abiding sense of search, of the musical quest as its own fulfillment. John William Coltrane was born September 23, 1926 in Hamlet, North Carolina to John and Alice Coltrane. Shortly after, he moved to Haig Point, North Carolina to live with his mothers father, the Reverend Walter Blaire. Walter Blaire would later on be a significant influence on Coltranes music and spirituality. Coltranes father, a tailor, served to be a source of Coltranes interest in music through his fathers ability to play the clarinet, violin, and various other instruments. Furthermore, Coltranes mother studied music. Both of Coltranes grandfathers were ministers; and through their worship services, Coltrane began to build his roots. Johns first encounters with music were through his father who played various instruments such as the violin, clarinet and ukulele. Other early influences included the religious music and preaching at his grandfathers community church. In 1938, his grandfather died and soon after, so did his father. At this time, Coltrane listened to the radio, which provided him with music by artists that would later become influences for his own music. These artists included Woody Herman, Lester Young, Johnny Hodges and Artie Shaw. At the age of 15, Coltrane began playing and studying the E-flat alto horn, the clarinet, and the saxophone at William Penn High School Orchestra, while listening to such artists as Woody Herman, Lester Young, and Thelonious Monk. It was in high school when John had his first girlfriend. Johns friend Franklin was interested in one girl, but John stole her away with his music playing. Her name was Dorthea Nelson. John had many classes with her. He used to whistle phrases to her from his clarinet. Of course, John got the girl. They were together for about a year until they broke up because she was moving away. Later in 1943, Coltrane moved to Philadelphia and studied under Mike Guerra at the Granoff Studios and the Ornstein School of Music. Mr. Granoff spoke the following of Coltrane: Very, very, few students . . . could do improvisations as this young man did. From the very moment that he learned his instrument, he wanted to revolutionize it. While enrolled in school, Coltrane worked at the local sugar refinery to help pay for debts. During the occurrence of World War II, Coltrane played with the US Navy Band; and afterwards in 1947, Coltrane returned to Philadelphia and began working around established musicians Jimmy Heath, Howard McGhee, Eddie Cleanhead Vinson, and Joe Webb in local bars and clubs. That same year, Coltrane performed in a show with Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. As a result of Coltranes impressive performance, he landed his first big gig with the Dizzy Gillespie band. Despite his first big gig, Coltrane lived his next few years in depression, drugs, and alcohol; however, he gathered the strength to seek rehabilitation. He later converted to Islam and got his life together. In 1950-1951, he continued to work with Dizzy in Dizzys sextet. Life was back to normal for Coltrane, but Coltrane reverted back to using drugs and eventually lost his job. He then joined the Earl Bostic Band and later began to work with Johnny Hodges, Jimmy Smith, and Bud Powell. Recognizing his addiction, Hodges recommended that Coltrane get professional guidance. The marriage of Coltrane in 1955 to Naima provided a special someone in his life. He came to wide notice in 1955 in the now legendary Miles Davis Quintet and was immediately acknowledged as an original or an oddity. Critics who in Coltranes last years all but waved banners to show their devotion to him were among those casting stones for much of his career. At first many urged Davis to fire the weird tenor, but when, in April of 1957, after a year and a half with the quintet, Coltrane left or was dropped (the truth remains unclear), the reason seems to have been indulgence not in stylistic extremism but in heroin and alcohol, problems he conquered that same year. The controversy had to do not only with his harmonic experimentation, on which Dexter Gordon was initially the chief influence, but with the speed (to some, purely chaotic) of his playing and the jaggedness (to some, unmusical) of his phrasing. All three characteristics were intensified in 1957 during several months with Thelonious Monk at the Five Spot, after which he rejoined Davis, who was now experimenting with sparer chord changes, and became fully involved in what Ira Gitler, in Down Beat, called the sheets of sound approach. This technique of runs so rapid as to make the notes virtually indistinguishable seems itself to have been a by-product of Coltranes harmonic exploration. Coltrane spoke of playing the same chord three or four different ways within a measure or overlapping chords before the change, advancing further the investigation of upper harmonic intervals begun by Charlie Parker and the boppers. Attempting to articulate so many harmonic variants before the change, Coltrane was necessarily led to preternatural velocity and occasionally to asymmetrical subdivision of the beat. Despite Daviss suggestion that Coltrane could trim his twenty-seven or twenty-eight choruses if he tried taking the saxophone out of his mouth, Coltranes attempt to explore all the avenues made him the perfect stylistic complement to Davis, with his cooler style, which featured sustained blue notes and brief cascades of sixteenths almost willfully retreating into silence, and also Monk, with his spare and unpredictable chords and clusters. Davis, characteristically, paid the tersest homage, when, on being told that his music was so complex that it required five saxophonists, he replied that hed once had Coltrane. In the late fifties Coltrane released a number of sessions for Prestige (and, more notably, Blue Train and Giant Steps for Blue Note and Atlantic respectively) in which he was the nominal bandleader. The only album John Coltrane recorded for Blue Note as a leader turned out to be one of his most rewarding statements, not to mention a highlight of Blue Notes recording history. Coltrane didnt stay in pure hard bop territory very long. He would soon after return to Miles Davis group to pursue modal-based jazz and continue on to explore Eastern motifs and free jazz. At the time of this recording, he was working in Thelonious Monks legendary Five Spot quartet. The frontline of Coltrane, trumpeter Lee Morgan, and trombonist Curtis Fuller is a hard bop fans dream. Pianist Kenny Drew supplies the blues and funk elements while Davis stalwarts Paul Chambers and Philly Joe Jones anchor the rhythm section. The opening blues of the title track shows just how far Coltrane had come since he began his first stint with Miles two years earlier. Even the simplest of blues structures provided enough room for Coltranes harmonic curiosity, his searing emotional flurries, and his sheets of sound approach. The buoyant original Moments Notice offers especially exuberant solos from all three hornmen plus a terrific arco (bowed) solo from Chambers. The fast blues Locomotion displays the leaders ability to mix jarring, seemingly off-key moans into a coherent blues progression. You can hear the difference between Coltranes ideas and the equally compelling but less adventurous solos from Morgan and Fuller. Despite all of the sharp, piercing tones elsewhere, Coltrane proves he can handle a ballad (Im Old Fashioned) with the utmost tenderness. Blue Train represents the best opportunity to hear Coltrane in a true, blowing- session context. While he reaches the heights of hard bop, you can also sense that he was eager to expand beyond its limitations. He would certainly do so in the near future. It was really after leaving Davis for the second time, in 1960, shortly after a European tour, that he came into his own as a creative as well as an interpretive force. His first recording session as leader after the break, on October 21, 1960, produced My Favorite Things, an astonishing fourteen-minute reinterpretation, or overhaul, of the saccharine show tune, which thrilled jazz fans with its Oriental modalism and Atlantic executives with its unexpected commercial success. In it Coltrane revived the straight soprano sax (whose only previous master in jazz had been Sidney Bechet), and in so doing led a generation of young musicians, from Wayne Shorter to Keith Jarrett to Jon Gibson, to explore the instrument. The work remained Coltranes signature piece until his death (of liver disease) despite bizarre stylistic metamorphoses in the next five and a half years. Coltrane signed with Impulse Records in April of 1961 and the next month began rehearsing and playing the long studio sessions for Africa/Brass, a large-band experiment with arrangements by his close friend Eric Dolphy. This was in part an extension of the modal experimentation in which he had been involved with Davis in the late fifties, notably on the landmark Kind of Blue. The modal style replaced chordal progressions as the basis for improvisation, with a slower harmonic rhythm and patterns of intervals corresponding only vaguely to traditional major and minor scales. The modal approach proved to be the modulation from bop to free jazz, as is clear in Coltranes revolutionary use of a single mode throughout Africa, the piece that takes up all of side one of the album. Colonialism In Nigeria EssayColtrane seems to suggest here that music in turn aspires to the condition of silence. Those who criticize Coltranes virtuosic profusion are of the same party as those who found Van Goghs canvases too full of paint a criticism Henry Miller once compared to the dismissal of a mystic as too full of God. In Coltrane, sound often discordant, chaotic, almost unbearablebecame the spiritual form of the man, an identification perhaps possible only with a wind instrument, with which the player is of necessity fused more intimately than with strings or percussion. This physical intimacy was all the more intense for his characteristically tight embouchure, the preternatural duration and complexity of his phrases, and his increasing use of overblowing techniques. The whole spectrum of Coltranes music the world-weary melancholy and transcendental yearning that ultimately recall Bach more than Parker, the jungle calls and glossolalic shrieks, the whirlwind runs and spare elegies for murdered children and a murderous planet is at root merely a suffering mans breath. The quality of that music reminds us that the root of the word inspiration is breathing upon. There are several things that are worth of noting about John Coltrane. One of them being his nickname Train. There are many explanations how it came into life, however, it has never been determined how exactly he got his nickname. It is known that Trane was given his nickname through an unknown person Many people have analyzed his nickname and they find it very fitting. Heres how the metaphor of a train fits his life. He was a man in control of himself (similar to the conductor of a train). He was always conscious of where came his roots or his heritage (a train has a starting point and a destination). He was self-disciplined and built his power and strength step by step (similar to how a trains speed increases as it moves along over time). He gradually increased his speed through enhancing this thoughts and his music. Even though there were some rough spots along the way, he made it safely to his destination and in good condition (sometimes the train ride is little bumpy or we get lost along the way, but in the end we get there safe and sound). Many people question whether it is true that Coltrane had problems with teeth. It is true. Johns teeth gave him a lot of trouble. His teeth problems came from eating too much sweet foods. He hated dentists, and he never went to them. There was one time he did go see a dentist. It took almost everyone in the office to hold him down when the drill got near. The down side was that his teeth problems made it hard for him to play some nights. Playing an instrument with bad teeth is a feat within itself. Instead of going to a dentist like he should have, John would drink or use drugs to dull the pain down. Coltranes contribution to Jazz cannot be described briefly. John Coltrane was unique in the way he approached music, and he broke many musical barriers during his lifetime. Coltranes influence continues through today. John Coltranes contribution to jazz was enormous, and each new generation of musicians will greatly be affected by what Coltrane and other jazz musicians have done so that they too may have an impact on jazz history. Jazz is a music of continuity, not repetition. There is continuity and progress. In an interview with Nat Hentoff, Coltrane stated the following: There is never any end . . . There are always new sounds to imagine, new feeling to get at. And always there is the need to keep purifying these feelings and sounds so that we can really see what weve discovered in its pure state. So that we can see more and more clearly what we are. In that way, we can give to those who listen the essence, the best of what we are. The continuity of Coltranes influence has been carried into present day. Coltranes works have been increasin gly used by acclaimed directors. His works can be heard in Spike Lees Mo Better Blues and Oliver Stones The Doors. This renewed interest can be attributed to the social and aesthetic concerns addressed by Coltrane and his music. In 1986, to honor the immense impact of Coltrane in both jazz and America, the Philadelphia Historic Commission designated Coltranes home on 33rd Street a historic building and a marker was erected on July 17, 1990 by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Later in 1984, seven Philadelphia women formed the John W. Coltrane Cultural Society and incorporation took place in 1985. The societys major goals are the following: ? To develop and present workshops and other activities that will help young children achieve self-esteem and experience self-expression through the arts and culture. ? To make the cultural contributions of African Americans more visible and accessible to Philadelphia communities, especially through the techniques of storytelling and music. ? To inspire the preservation and study of jazz and its origins. ? To keep alive the memory of the life and works of John W. Coltrane The society also conducts lectures about John W. Coltrane and his life. Talks and video presentations on the life and works of Coltrane are given in the Coltrane home as well as in other facilities. Tours are conducted in the home which displays some memorabilia of the musician. Then on September 18, 1995, the United States Post Office issued a stamp bearing the picture of John Coltrane. And now more than 40 years later, labels have created the start of the sax giants career, with boxed sets, rare tapes and historic material, so that his memory and music will still live. Some more interesting facts from the life of John Coltrane, that are not very well known to general public, are worth, attention, too. Raisins and butter-rum lifesavers had replaced more insidious chemicals by the time he came into his own with Miles; and you could still hear his debt to Dexter Gordon between what came to be called his sheets of sound. In 1960, an interviewer for Swedish radio asked what he thought about critics calling his music aggressive. The answer came in his gentle voice: Maybe it sounds angry because Im trying to play so many things at one time. You see, I have a whole bag of things Im trying to acclimate my ear to hear. Im not familiar enough with them to play one single line so I try them all. Im trying to work through to the essential. Whitney Balliet wrote in The New Yorker: People said they heard the dark nights of the Negro in Coltranes wildest music, but what they really heard was a heroic and unique lyrical voice at the mercy of its own power. His explosive combination of spiritual energy and intellectual prowess went beyond success and even beyond music into the metaphysical. He studied Eastern religions, Islam, the Torah. He read books about mathematics, personal improvement, van Gogh, African history and yoga. His record collection included African, early English, Greek and Indian music. Adding seven bars in E minor and 23 in E major to My Favorite Things and playing it for 45 minutes made it sound more like a raga than a Rodgers and Hammerstein waltz. (This was several years before the Beatles went Indian on Norwegian Wood. ) He named one of his children Ravi. Improvisation was his vehicle for a search for self-knowledge, unity and the holy spirit. It led him to the Hindu concept of Om, which he defined as the first vibration that sound, that spirit which sets everything else into being. The longer he played, the more you wanted to hear. Once after a 30-minute solo accompanied by the surging time of Elvin Jones, McCoy Tyners insistent chords and Jimmy Garrisons muscular bass, Coltrane was driven to fall on his knees by the intensity of it all. A large baldheaded man wearing only a loin cloth ran up to the stage, raised his arms and shouted: Col-trane! The audience rose and shouted with him Col-trane! Col-trane! People kissed his hand as he walked out. He disliked being restricted by any sort of rules whatsoever. He told Wayne Shorter that he was trying to learn how to start in the middle of a sentence and move in both directions at the same time. About Schoenbergs 12-note system, he said: Damn the rules. Its the feeling that counts. You play all 12 notes anyway. He had not worn underwear since he was 18, and he once wore a pair of stylish but uncomfortable new shoes only long enough to show to his mother. Damn the rules. ) Musicians called him an angel and a saint. Freddie Hubbard said he felt kind when he was around him. The New York Daily News said he had the future coming out of his horn. He enjoyed puttering around the 12-room house he bought in Huntington, New York in 1965. (The constant vibration in the ground in Manhattan had bothered him. ) In music its the little things that count, he said. Like the way you build a house. You get all the little important things toget her and the whole thing will stand up. When not working he went to bed before 11 and awoke early to take care of his garden. He heard music in his dreams. Shopping with his wife, Alice, he would practice his flute in the supermarket. By this time, he was grossing $200,000 a year, a lot of money in the sixties. His houses in Philadelphia and New York were owned by Coltrane Realty. He drove a Jaguar. But he was not content with obvious rewards, he moved into a new joke phase with free- form musicians like Pharoah Sanders, Rashid Ali, Eric Dolphy and his wife Alice, a pianist. The audience requested Summertime and But Not For Me, old friends begged him to bring his music back inside. In 1966, toward the end of a three-hour tune, Jimmy Garrison, the only member of the original quartet left, picked up his bass and walked off the stage. You know, thats going to cost you a hundred dollars, Coltrane told him later. Garrison said it didnt matter because he could not figure out what was going on and wanted to leave anyway. James, I understand, Coltrane said. Its difficult for me too. But I cant do any more than what Im doing. John William Coltrane was a very hard working musician. He would practice ten to twelve hours a day, besides a number of performances that included a tour of Japan during the summer. It was just after returning from Japan that he died prematurely on July 17, 1967. The cause of death was liver cancer but it was probably a combination of overworking and alcohol. Coltrane remains the most influential jazz musician of the past 40 years. His expeditions on tenor saxophone stand as testament to his unbridled emotion and curiosity. The country has not produced a greater musician.

Modifying My Future free essay sample

It’s hard for me to believe that I’m already here, at one moment I could recall playing across the childish earth but now I’m here preparing myself for college and my future. Everything lies ahead of me. I recall walking into my chemistry classroom with a troubling thought, â€Å"It’s hard to accept the fact that this would be my last step into such a simplistic yet complex classroom.† At the time I thought that I had figured out my career plans but something special happened on that particular day that made me stop and reconsider the future I looked eagerly to. After all of the tedious and complicated assignments I had completed, I acquired the title of â€Å"accomplished A+ student†. The way I see it, each assignment had opened up the opportunity to learn about foreign ideas and concepts. Such curiosity had opened up the pathway to my incredibly detailed and persistent mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Modifying My Future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Almost any problem held the worth of working towards the solution. Pencil lead transferred smoothly to paper developed as a common visual in my life as an ordinary high school student. My perspective of my chemistry class was the equivalent as a child to a playground. When the last time I would be in that class approached, I had no idea that my future career plans would be subject to modification within the last 30 minutes left. As the final frame of time drew near, I had walked among the inconvenience of my classmates’ excellently disorganized mess of bags, to have a small conversation with my great chemistry teacher. The sound of the bell signaled, to which an ocean of ecstatic students had flooded into the hallway due to the anticipation of class dismissal. I calmly went back to my organized desk, gathered my belongings and headed towards the door. â€Å"Alex! You, might want to consider taking AP chem., I think you would excel within that class.† My teacher had yelled to inform me. Spinning around, I had acknowledged the statement and replied â€Å"I just might have to consider it† Having Chemistry as a possible career field had never even crossed my mind. Throughout the rest of the school day, that statement had preoccupied the most part of my brain, much like how a cloud that shields the brightness of the sun. The thought â€Å"what if I decide to major in chemistry?† had relayed to the point of annoyance. As, in a chemistry lab, after I had analyzed all possible aspects of the pros. and cons. within the field, I came to a conclusion. It was determined that I would further my knowledge of chemistry buy continuing my study both in and out of the classroom. Again, it’s interesting how life seems to work. Recalling how I felt my stomach plummet to the center of the Earth as I took my first step into that classroom due to a haunting nervousness that followed, and then how it felt disheartening to take my last step out of it. I would have never thought that my future plans could change so suddenly, within the length of a short phrase, I had realized that chemistry would be my path to follow. Now, following my desired path, I’m thankful that my teacher had encouraged me to take the next step because it triggered a reaction within me and provided an even better solution to look forward to. Now as a high school senior I know what path to follow and if anyone were to ask me about my future plans, I reply confidently with â€Å"I’m working towards my master degree in chemistry.†

The Vietnam Conflict Began In The Late Nineteenth Century. The Essay Example For Students

The Vietnam Conflict Began In The Late Nineteenth Century. The Essay French conquered Vietnam and made it a protectorate. For nearly fortyyears, Vietnam had not experienced settled peace. The League for theIndependence of Vietnam ( Viet Minh ) was formed in 1941, seekingindependence from the French. On September 2nd,1945, Ho Chi Minhproclaimed it independent of France. The French opposed theirindependence from 1945 to 1954. The first representatives of deGualles government landed by parachute in Saigon and Hanoi on August23rd, 1945. The French wanted to reestablish their rule in Vietnam butwere beaten at the battle of Dien Bien Phu on May 7th, 1954. TheFrench Expeditionary Force tried to prevent the Viet Minh fromentering Laos and Dien Bien Phu was the place chosen to do so. TheFrench were not very careful and this allowed the Viet Minh to cut offtheir airway to Hanoi. After a siege that had lasted for fifty fivedays, the French surrendered. Ho Chi Minh led the war against Franceand won. We will write a custom essay on The Vietnam Conflict Began In The Late Nineteenth Century. The specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the war there was a conference in Geneva where Vietnam wasdivided into two parts along the seventeenth parallel. North Vietnamwas mainly Communist and supported Ho Chi Minh, while the south wassupported by the United States and the French were based there. Therewas still some Communist rebels within South Vietnam. These were theViet Cong. The South Vietnam ruler was Ngo Dinh Diem who was anti Communist. At the conference, Laos and Cambodia became independentstates. North Vietnam wished to unify North and South Vietnam throughmilitary force. Since the United States feared the spread of communismin Asia, John F. Kennedy provided economic and military aid to SouthVietman to prevent the takeover by North Vietnam. At this time, thiswas still a civil war. The United States were not yet officiallyinvolved. The North Vietnamese resented the little intervention by theUnited Sates and so, three Vietnamese torpedo boats fired on theU.S. destroyer, Maddox on August 2nd, 1964. The Maddox hadbeen in the Gulf of Tonkin ( international waters ), thirty miles offthe coast of Vietnam. On August 3rd, 1964, Johnson gave the right toattack with the objective of destroying attacking forces ( Pimlott1982, 36 ). Retaliation air attacks began on August 3rd. Their aim wasto destroy North Vietnams gunboat capability. As two more UnitedStates destroyers were supposedly sunk, more air and sea forces weresent ( Wicker August 5, 1964, 1 ). Up until now, the U.S. hadrefrained from direct combat. This is when the United States formallyentered the Vietman War. The U.S. did this for two reasons. We wishedto maintain the independence of South Vietnam and we had to prove toallied nations that we would help them resist Communist overtaking. AsCongress was about to vote whether or not to allow the combat to mov einto North Vietnam, the North Vietnamese attacked a major U.S. airbaseat Bein Hoa. On February 7th, 1965, Johnson ordered retaliationbombing on North Vietnam. Rolling Thunder was the name of thisoperation. Its purpose was to put pressure on Hanoi and convince themthat Communism could not and would not win. At the end of 1965, one hundred and eighty thousand Americanswere in South Vietnam under General William S. Westmoreland(Encyclopedia Britannica, 12, 361 ). The U.S. mainly depended onsuperior firepower and helicopters. The Viet Cong and North Vietnamesedepended on surprise attack and concealment. The United States soldiers realized that the war would last formany more years and wondered if the U.S. war effort could succeed. Atthe end of 1968, The number of American troops in South Vietnamreached its peak of 542, 000 men ( Pimlott 1982, 53 ). The Viet Congand North Vietnamese launched a major invasion against the UnitedStates called the Tet offensive from January 30th to February 25th,1968. At the Khe Sanh U.S. firebase, there was a major ground battle. .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 , .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 .postImageUrl , .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 , .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5:hover , .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5:visited , .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5:active { border:0!important; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5:active , .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5 .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u38586ef28acd61cfb6f444c93da3a8a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Night 2 EssayThere was a siege from January 21st to April 14th. It was thought tobe the American Dien Bien Phu . The United States turned it aroundhowever, with their victory at Hue. By 1969, combat decreased rapidlyand American troops began to return home. The role of Communism was extremely important in this conflict. Communism was one of the main reasons of why the United States enteredthe war in the first place. The U.S. had to enter the war to stopthe spread of Communism in Asia since North Vietnam was Communist. IfNorth Vietnam were to succeed in converting Vietnam into a Communistcountry, it could become very powerful and go on to pursuade othercountries to become Communist. The U.S. believed that Vietnam couldbecome powerful. They were amazed that France, an Allied power, hadbeen beaten by the Vietnamese. North Vietnam was a Communist country. The man who hadproclaimed Vietnam independent, Ho Chi Minh, was a Communist. He was aMarxist and believed in national Communism ( EncyclopediaBritannica, 5, 955). During the war with the French, Ho Chi Minh tookrefuge in northern Vietnam and settled there with his followers. Hefounded the Indochina Communist Party and the Viet Minh. The Viet Minhdid not become Communist until the 1950s. He became the president ofNorth Vietnam from 1945 to 1969. North Vietnam was a poor area and wascut off from the agricultural benefit of South Vietnam. Ho Chi Minhwas forced to ask assistance from major Communist allies the SovietUnion and China. Both aided North Vietnam before and during the war. The North Vietnamese invaded South Vietnam. They wanted to usemilitary tactics to force unification. The United States didnot allow their unification. The U.S. knew that the Viet Cong andNorthVietnamese wished to establish one ruling government,the Communist Party. This led to the Vietnam War and U.S. intervention. On January 27th, 1973, South Vietnam Communist forces ( VietCong ), North Vietnam, South Vietnam and the United States agreed onmany things during peace talks that were held in Paris. The talks hadlasted for over two years before any agreements were made that suitedall of them. The forces involved agreed that U.S. troops wouldgradually withdraw from Vietnam and all prisoners of war would bereleased. They also agreed that South Vietnam had the right to choosetheir own future, whether or not to unite with North Vietnam. NorthVietnamese troops were given the right to remain in South Vietnambut they could not be reinforced. Nixon was the U.S. president whofinalized the accepted treaty and began to remove United Statestroops. Even after the peace talks, fighting continued between the Northand South Vietnamese. After the majority of American soldiers hadleft, North Vietnam went against all that was enforced at the peacetalks. North Vietnam planned a major invasion on the south in 1975 or1976. By April 30th, 1976, North Vietnamese tanks had occupied Saigon,the capital of South Vietnam, with no trouble. On July 2nd, 1976, the country was united as the SocialistRepublic of Vietnam. The capital became Hanoi and it was underCommunist rule. Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City after theinstigator of Communism. The North Vietnamese had won. Forty seventhousand Americans were killed in action and three hundred andthirteen soldiers were wounded, physically as well as mentally. Thewar had cost the United States an estimated two hundred billiondollars ( Encyclopedia Britannica, 12, 361 ). There were two thousand,two hundred and sixty one United States servicemen listed as missingin action ( Time, February 15, 1993, 44 ). The tally is stillincomplete. Some say that this war was fought for nothing. There wereonly losses and nothing was gained. .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f , .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f .postImageUrl , .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f , .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f:hover , .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f:visited , .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f:active { border:0!important; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f:active , .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f1c078e290027a478a215471875280f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Five Universe Creation Myths EssayAfter the war, southern Vietnams agriculture, business andindustry were devestated. The newly Communist Vietnam, Laos andCambodia became an important South Asian power. Today, Vietnamremains under Communist rule. The Vietnamese Communist Party is themajor political party. The State Council Chairman is Vo Chi Chong. ThePrime Minister is Do Muoi. After the Vietnam war, United States Presidents tried to punishVietnam for the losses suffered by their country. They cut off alltrade to Vietnam. Vietnams economy was severely damaged. This cameabout by the U.S. decision to stop trade and the new efforts toinstall a Soviet style system in the unified country. By 1985, tenyears after its liberation , Vietnam had to beg for help from theSoviet Union ( Time, February 15, 1993, 43 ). In 1986, the government leaders began an economic plan, doi moito get Vietnam back on its feet. When aid from the Soviet Unionstopped, the country was able to stand on its own. The Vietnameseveterans dont regard the Americans as enemies but the governmentleaders do. The government fears that if contact with the UnitedStates increases, it might result in a revolution that would destroytheir authority. Meanwhile, even without United States help, Vietnamis seen to be an important exporter in the future. Japan has alreadyexported goods to Vietnam and the United States is afraid that theywill soon gain economic control over the entire region.

A Biography of Adolf Hitler

A Biography of Adolf Hitler Free Online Research Papers When Hitler was born at the end of the 19th century, the country of Germany had not even fought in one World War. By the time he died, Adolf Hitler had helped fight in one World War and had started another. This son of a civil servant would change the world in countless ways and cause the deaths of millions. Hitler’s experiences in life before becoming the leader of the Third Reich of Nazi Germany would help shape him into the man who would eventually become one of the most recognizable names in the 20th century. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in a small town called Braunau into a family that would sharply influence his beliefs (The History Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). He was the son of Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl and was technically their fourth child but the previous three all did not survive to make it into their adult lives, making him the focus of their attention until they had two more children. Alois had a son from a previous marriage who did not live up to his high expectations and eventually ended up in jail for theft (The History Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). This bothered Hitler’s father greatly and he vowed that he would not fail his next son and do whatever it took to make him into a proper man. Alois was a very intense and angry father and would beat Adolf if he didn’t do exactly as he was told. The household Adolf Hitler grew up in was not the most pleasant place to be and he had only his mother to turn to for comfort. The family tree of Adolf Hitler indicates a few reasons that he would turn out to behave the way he did. The man who was Adolf’s grandfather remains a mystery; the only documentation of his father’s birth says that a unmarried servant girl named Maria Anna Schicklgruber who gave birth to Alois but â€Å"In the registry of births in Dollersheim parish the space for the name of the child’s father was left blank† (Fest, 1974, p.15). There are different stories floating around about who is the true grandfather but the most intriguing one is the one that would give that distinction to a Jewish man named Frankenberger. Maria was working in his house at the time that she became pregnant and when Hans Frank who was Hitler’s lawyer later looked into this idea, he found some evidence that would indicate that Frankenberger was the actual grandfather. However nothing that could be proved ever came of this but â€Å"its real significance is independent of it being true or false. What is psychologically of crucial importance is that fact that Frank’s findings forced Hitler to doubt his own descent† (15). Throughout his life, Hitler would try to hide his family history due to the shame he would feel if he discovered that he was related to the group of people that he despised most. Alois Hitler’s involvement in his son’s life played a strong role in what Hitler would grow up to be. Alois was described a man who was â€Å"hard, unsympathetic and short tempered† (Bullock, 1962, 25). To make matters even worse, â€Å"The Hitler household now consisted of Adolf, little brother Edmund, little sister Paula, older half-brother Alois Jr., older half-sister Angela and two parents who were home all the time† (The Histoy Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). All the noise from everyone jammed into the small living quarters did not improve Alois’ mood much during his peaceful retirement and he took it out on the children. Adolf’s step brother received most of the beatings and harsh words due to his being the oldest until finally one day he couldn’t take it anymore and ran away. This made Adolf next in line to obtain all the attention that Alois felt was necessary to guide his boys. His father, with his domineering and har sh style of parenting would help to make Hitler into a man who lacked empathy for (The History Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). The reason behind many of Adolf’s failures at school at least according to him was that he was doing poorly in order to spite his father. Their poor relationship led him to want to go against anything his father wanted. Alois due to his commanding nature thought â€Å"It was simply inconceivable to him that I might reject what had become the content of his whole life† ( Mein Kampf, 1925, p.8). At this time, the Hitler family moved from their small farm home into the town of Lambach, Austria where Hitler would learn the importance of religion. By going to school at a monastery, Hitler gained a special insight into the lives of men who made speeches for a living and controlled the lives of others. Hitler â€Å"especially admired the Abbot in charge, who ruled his black-robbed monks with supreme authority. At home Hitler sometimes played priest and even included long sermons† (The Histoy Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). The lifestyle of a priest appealed greatly to Hitler, he loved the idea of giving speeches to many and the power they had over the people that listened to his words and those working under him. Also found around the monastery, were swastikas carved into wood and other things which Hitler would have seen almost every day by going to school there (The History Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). This symbol obviously had a great impact on him due to the fact that he made the swastika the symbol of the Nazi’s that would become one of the most well recognized images worldwide. Also during this time, Hitler was placed in many situations where he had to make a decision on where his loyalties lie. Being a German-Austrian in Hitler’s eyes had three schools of thought you were either â€Å"The fighters, the lukewarm, and the traitors† (Mein Kampf, 1927, 12). Adolf Hitler was of course a fighter, which meant that he stood for â€Å"Pan-Germanism of the Los-von-Rom movement founded by Ritter Georg von Schonerer† (10). This movement was all about reuniting Germany with the parts of Austria that had become separated and also importantly Schonerer’s movement was very strongly anti-Semitic. Hitler at this young age did not believe in the Pan-German movement which is very easy to confuse with Pan-Germanism but each has a completely different message. People who followed the Pan-German ideas were completely for the idea of German overtaking the entire world. Adolf was still able to partake in the struggle between the different views in Austria, whenever donations were taken for the school, Hitler and his fellow mates would wear corn flowers with red, gold, and black colors. This type of flower was the emblem of Germans loyal to the imperial House of Hohenzollern which was a royal monarchy that unified Germany and created the German empire. Hitler also stayed true to his beliefs in other ways, â€Å"Heil was our greeting, and instead of the imperial anthem we sang ‘Deutschland uber Allies,’ despite warnings and punishments.† (Mein Kampf, 1927, 13). This time at the monastery wo uld act as a beginning to his views of politics and fueled his fanaticism of being a German Nationalist. However all good things must come to an end and Alois Hitler decided the family needed to move again to the town of Leonding where he would begin primary school. Adolf Hitler’s academic career would provide many important experiences in affecting the man who would become leader of the Third Reich. In 1895 which was the same year that Adolf would begin primary school, his father also retired from his job as for the Austrian civil service. This was not good for Hitler because: This meant a double dose of supervision, discipline and regimentation under the watchful eyes of teachers at school and his strict father at home. His father, now 58, had spent most of his life working his way up through the civil service ranks. He was used to giving orders and having them obeyed and also expected this from his children. (The Histoy Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996) Adolf began his education by doing â€Å"extremely well at primary school and it appeared he had a bright academic future in front of him. He was also popular with other pupils and was much admired for his leadership qualities† (Fest, 1974, p.19). Adolf had become somewhat of a gang leader at his primary school, and this part of his life served as the start of his developing leadership qualities. Also during his time at primary school, Adolf discovered that he enjoyed drawing very much and it was something that he cared about very strongly. Most of the teachers at school thought Adolf was lazy and lacked self control. However not every teacher had such a negative view of Adolf and one there was one teacher who made such an impact that he stood out above all the rest in Hitler’s academic career. Dr. Leopold Potsch was Adolf’s history professor at the R ealschule (The History Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). For Hitler, he has fond memories of this old man who by the passion of his tales and ability to make them forget the present, Hitler would sit in his seat aflame with fervor, and often times he was moved to tears. Adolf said that he and Dr. Potsch would sit and talk for long periods of time talking about their shared sense of intense national pride. . Potsch filled Adolf’s mind with exciting stories of past national heroes of Germany, and the idea of being a champion of his country thrilled Hitler to no end. His professor told him tales â€Å"of the German victories over France in 1870 and 1871 and attacked the Austrians for not becoming involved in these triumphs† (Spartacus Educational). What helped to make him special was that Dr. Potsch was very good at showing how past events influenced the present and showed how present events mirror the past. The professor had a special connection to the students an d: â€Å"He used our budding nationalistic fanaticism as a meaning of educating us, frequently appealing to our sense of national honor. By this alone he was able to discipline us life ruffians more easily than would have been possible by any other means. This teacher made history my favorite subject. And indeed, though he had no such intention, it was then that I became a revolutionary. For who could have studied German history under such a teacher without becoming an enemy of the state which, through its ruling house, exerted so disastrous an influence on the destinies of the nation? And who could retain his loyalty to a dynasty which in past and present betrayed the needs of the German people again and again for shameless private advantage? Did we not know, even as little boys, that this Austrian state had and could have no love for us Germans†.(Mein Kampf, 1927, 14-15) From this young age Adolf was able to decide in his mind that the only way to keep Germanism safe was by destroying Austria. This way of thinking that stayed with him for the majority of his life showed that he had an â€Å"ardent love for my German-Austrian homeland, deep hatred for the Austrian state† (16). Art allowed Hitler to express himself but the rejections that came along with it forced him to change the lifestyle he had hoped to have. Growing up, Adolf found that he and had a good amount of talent went it came to drawing and it became one of his passions throughout his life. During his time at the Realschule, Hitler in his own opinion was the best in his class at drawing and therefore received a lot of high praise for his work. All the compliments Adolf got from people started to go to his head and his view of his own art became very overrated in comparison to the artists that were already out in the real world. Art also was something that was a means to become someone of importance in society. Adolf vowed that he would never have a desk job like his father and art would be his pursuit of a â€Å"better class of society† (Fest, 1974, p. 20-21). Adolf Hitler would never be okay with having a normal job like the rest of society and now with his father not controllin g his life, he would be one step closer to forging his own path. In the final few months of his mother’s sickness, Adolf decided to take a trip to Vienna to take an entrance exam for the art Academy. When the results came back, Hitler was struck by a crushing blow when he learned that he had not been accepted into school of painting ( Mein Kampf, 1925, pp. 19-20). After thinking so highly of his skills and having everyone else around him admire his ability for so long he just was not able to comprehend how a school would not want his superior talent. However after speaking to the director at the school he recommended that Adolf apply for the architecture school there because he believed Adolf was good enough in that field to be accepted (20). Hitler accepted his fate but ran into a few problems when he learned about what was required to gain entrance to the school. In order to apply for the school of architecture, Hitler had to have a high school diploma and then attend the building school at Technik. However due to his stubbornness and refusal to do well in school in order to spite his father, he did not any of the credentials required. With his mother no longer around, Adolf Hitler returned to Vienna for the third time in order to regain his composure. After being down on himself for not making it into art school, he regained his defiance and was determined â€Å"†¦to become an architect, and obstacles do not exist to be surrendered to, but only to be broken† ( Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 20). Looking back on these times in his life Hitler is grateful for these days because even though they seemed miserable at the time, his will to get through anything was strengthened. Adolf said: I owe it to that period that I grew hard and am still capable of being hard. And even more, I exalt it for tearing me away from the hollowness of comfortable life; for drawing the mother’s darling our of his soft downy bed and giving him ‘Dame Care’ for a new mother; for hurling me, despite all resistance, into a world of misery and poverty, thus making me acquainted with those for whom I was later to fight. ( Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 21) As he did with many problems he faced during his life, Hitler was able to find a way to blame the Jewish people for problems with the world of the arts. In referring to the Jews, Hitler said â€Å"Culturally he contaminates art, literature, the theater, makes a mockery of natural feeling, overthrows all concepts of beauty and sublimity, of the noble and the good, and instead drags men down into the sphere of his own base nature†(Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 326). Klara Hitler was a kind and gentle woman, who was a big part of Adolf Hitler’s childhood. She was the only person that he had a strong emotional bond with and she was the person that he always turned to when things with his father got too rough, Adolf said â€Å"I had honored my father, but my mother I had loved† ( Mein Kampf, 1925 p. 18). Klara Hitler however had many health problems for much of the time Adolf was living away from the family and therefore was not always around to help him with problems he may have been having. Due to her anxiety about losing all her other children except for two, Adolf’s mother was too soft on him and Hitler used this to his advantage whenever possible (The History Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). Even though she was not as passionate as Alois was to see Adolf become a civil servant, she still tried to keep with her husband’s wishes after he passed away and keep Adolf in school. On the day of September, 1904, Adolf would only be promoted to the next level of schooling if he were to leave that school. This marked his mother’s last attempt at getting him the education his father wanted, â€Å"She sent him to Realschule in Steyr† (Bullock, 1962, p. 20). Still though even with his father gone, his grades did not improve and his work was very poor. Adolf did so badly his first term at this new school that he went out and got drunk for the first time in his life and used the report card as toilet paper. However he still continued at the Realschule for one more semester but was still unable to make any improvements and finally his mother gave in to his request and allowed him to leave the school. Hitler was now free to try to fulfill his dream of becoming an artist and even his mother becoming gravely ill wouldn’t stop him from leaving for Vienna. This was a prime example of how Hitler’s ambition for personal success would trump any thoughts of human empathy. After failing to gain entrance into Vienna’s art school, Hitler was humiliated and was unable to even tell his mother that he was rejected and he still pretended like he was still an art student (Spartacus Educational). Hitler was able to entrance millions by the speeches he gave about Germany and what the Nazi Party would do for them to get them back what was rightfully theirs, however when it came for him to talk about himself there was much less discussion. At a period in his life where he may have needed some guidance or just a place to gather himself after the failure, Hitler didn’t take advantage of the people around and kept everything to himself. It took for Klara Hitler to pass away for Adolf to finally return home to see her one last time. At the time of her death, Hitler returned to his home and spoke with the doctor who said â€Å"he had never seen a young man so crushed by anguish and filled with grief†¦With the death of his mother, whatever affection he had ever had for any human being came to an end† (Fest, 1974, p. 28). Hitler lost the one person who he had turned to when his father’s beatings were too much or when things got too hard for him as a small child. Even though he was more distant from her as he moved off to Vienna, he still had a special bond with her that would not be shared as closely with anyone else. From that day on, Hitler â€Å"carried her photograph wherever he went and, it is claimed, had it in his hand when he died in 1945† (Spartacus Educational). Now Hitler had nobody to rely on but himself to get him to where he wanted to be in life. The illness of hit mother had used up the majority of the money his father had left to the family after his death and the small amount of pension money he received would not be enough for him to survive. Now was the time for Hitler to make something of himself and to â€Å"wrest from Fate what my father had accomplished fifty years before; I, to o, wanted to become ‘something’- but on no account a civil servant† ( Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 18). Literature would also provide to be another important influence on the ideas and beliefs of Adolf Hitler. For Adolf, reading had a different importance than for what is what for the average intellectual of that time period. He understood that people were able to read books and have great deals of knowledge stored in their mind, however what set him apart according to him was that he was able to determine what was useful and what information was worthless in a book. According to Adolf, â€Å"Reading is not an end in itself, but a means to an end† (Bullock, 1962, p. 48). These attitudes would help show not only his Hitler’s attitude towards books but towards life as well. This is a picture of a man with a closed mind, reading only to confirm what he already believes, ignoring what does not fit in with his preconceived scheme. ‘Otherwise, Hitler says, ‘only a confused jumble of chaotic notions will result from all this reading†¦Such a person never succeeds in turning his knowledge to practical account when the opportune moment arrives; for his mental equipment is not ordered with a view to meeting the demands of every day†¦ ‘Since then (i.e. since his days in Vienna) I have extended that foundation very little, and I have changed nothing in it. (Bullock, 1962 p. 49) After reading a book about the Franco-Prussian war, Hitler’s sense of national pride would never be the same. When reading the book Adolf felt a strong connection to the men of Germany who fought for their country. However he was unable to grasp why the men of Austria including his father chose not to fight (Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 6). He strongly disagreed with their choice of not going to war because he felt that the men of Germany and Austria were of the same blood. Hitler said â€Å"Are we not the same as all other Germans? Do we not all belong together? This problem began to gnaw at my little brain for the first time† (Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 7). It was this book that caused him to strongly want to unite the area around the country of Germany because he felt that the men of Germany and Austria should come together as one. Also all the talk of fighting and battles excited Hitler very much and he became quite interested in the idea of battles and being a soldier. Th e book caused him to believe that all men should be honored to fight for their country. He also believed that national pride should lead men to be willing to die for their country because that is what they are meant to do for the good of their people. World War I would only help to enforce Hitler’s sense of national pride and would give him military experience that he would use in the future to further for his own ideals. When Franz Ferdinand was murdered by Serbian students, at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, Hitler was unsure initially at how he felt about this event (Bullock, 1962, p. 49). Ferdinand caused many problems that made many German Nationalists quite enraged, however another way to look at it was that his country of Austria would be duty-bound to fight in the war. Austria would also have to stay faithful to Germany which Hitler always believed was bound to happen (Bullock, 1962 pp. 49-50). The amount of joy that Hitler felt at finally being given the change to reu nite Germany was so great that he fell to the ground and thanked the heavens( Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 161). The war finally gave Hitler a way to prove himself as a man of worth to his country. After all his past failures, the war would serve as a fresh start, which with his poor childhood would be greatly welcomed. Adolf Hitler believed that entire population wished for this war to happen and couldn’t see how anyone else could have a different view. Hitler volunteered to fight in the war; however he did not choose to fight for the country of Germany. He ended up writing a formal petition to the King of Bavaria asking to be allowed into a Bavarian regiment. The reply granted his request and he was overjoyed beyond belief at the idea of being able to fight for the land he felt loyal to (Bullock, 1962, p. 50). A few of the other men he met during this time in his regiment which included many volunteers, ended up working for him in the Nazi Party. This time of his life would help to connect him to the people that he had blocked himself off from as a younger man. When his unit finally began fighting, Hitler was assigned the job of a Meldeganger which means that he was dispatch runner who sent messages between the command staff in the back of the camp and up to the units fighting in the front (The Histoy Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). Hitler was very eager and was generally liked by the other soldiers however some thought that he was too enthusiastic to please his superiors. He had the uncanny ability to escape danger which was lucky for him due to the fact that he would always volunteer his services for the most dangerous missions. Hitler’s bravery ended up getting many honors including the highly esteemed Iron Cross medal during World War I (Spartacus Educational). The Iron Cross medal which is a quite rare honor for the foot soldiers such as Hitler to earn, was recommended for Adolf by a lieutenant who just happened to be a Jew (The His tory Place: The Rise of Hitler, 1996). This was a fact that Hitler would pretend like never happened and when it was brought up, only talked about the honor and not the man who gave him the chance to earn it. The members in his unit found Adolf to be peculiar and strange, and a fellow soldier named Hans Mend â€Å"claimed that Hitler was an isolated figure who spent long periods of time sitting in the corner holding his head in silence. Then all of a sudden, Mend claimed, he would jump up and make a speech† (Spartacus Educational). Due to this strange behavior, Hitler was never promoted within the regiment past the rank of corporal. Fellow soldiers within the regiment would His superiors believed that Hitler’s odd outbursts and poor companionship within the group would make it difficult for other men to take orders from him (Spartacus Educational). The media and politicians during the war also played a role in how Hitler’s views on certain aspects of society were formed. Adolf said there was â€Å"a certain section of the press,slowly, and in a way which at first was perhaps unrecognizable to many, began to pour a few drops of wormwood into the general enthusiasm† ( Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 166). This group of media had different ideas about how Germans should behave during the war effort. They were not fond of great displays of emotion and believed that Germany should act more like other foreign countries who accepted their battle victories with a â€Å"silent and dignified form of joy† (166-167). Hitler even as a younger man was known to have sudden outbursts of passion filled speeches overflowing with his emotions and couldn’t understand why people would want to control that. He believed that the country needed this show of passion to be able to withstand the struggle which would overtake their country during World War I ( Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 167). Adolf Hitler was never able to understand this type of thinking and it was something that would be changed when he became leader of the Third Reich. Another thing that also bothered Hitler about the media was the stance they took towards Marxism. Some authorities believed that Marxism had become the national way of thinking for the country of Germany. Hitler believed that their faith in this doctrine lay in the fact that they do not teach how Marxism will destroy the world â€Å"especially since this cannot be learned in Jewified universities† (Mein Kampf, 1925, 168). Adolf Hitler also gave hints as to what he believed should be done to these mostly Jewish men who were misleading the country; he said â€Å"It would have been the duty of a serious government†¦to exterminate mercilessly the agitators who were misleading the nation† (169). At the time that Hitler was a soldier, he had no urge to talk much about politics. For him, the politicians of the day were more worthless than the everyday steward who performed his daily task without complaint. Adolf said â€Å"I had never hated these big-mouths more than now when every red-blooded man with something to say yelled it into the enemy’s face or appropriately left his tongue at home and silently did his duty somewhere† (166). When Hitler became the leader of all of Germany he would make himself the dictator and get rid of all these government men whom he believed were harmful to society as a whole. Hitler would become even more distressed about his country after returning home for a short hospital stay. After becoming injured in the war, the time spent back in Vienna would only add to the anti-Semitic feelings Adolf Hitler had towards other groups of people with different ideas. While laying in his bed he listened to men brag of injuring themselves in order to escape the war and act like they were the brave ones. Hitler was outraged at these men â€Å"who boasted of their shrewdness; he noted hypocrisy, egotism, war profiteering†( Mein Kampf, 1925, p. 71). Hitler decided that behind all the appraisal of these terrible ideas was the working of the Jew. Hitler was openly for the unification of Germany and he believed these Jewish men and the politicians and journalists were trying to pull everyone apart for their own gain. Adolf Hitler said that the â€Å"Hebrew Corruptors of the people†¦.should be held ‘under poison gas’ and against the politicians and journalists on the other hand†¦deserved nothing but annihilation. ‘All the implements of military power should have been ruthlessly used for the extermination of this pestilence† (Fest, 1974, pp. 71-72). Everywhere that Adolf Hitler went, he said that he saw Jews filling every office space and that every clerk was a Jew. It disgusted him that the Jewish people were all safe in the town while there were so few Jewish men to be seen fighting along the front lines for their country such as himself. Hitler thought that while the real Germans were off fighting for their country, the Jewish people were at home destroying the economy and plundering the wealth of their country for themselves. Hitler was once again was unable to fit in with society and in the spring of 1917 requested to be transferred back to the military front where he stayed until the end of the war (72) After being described by so many as the shy and loner type as a child, the life that Hitler led was nothing short of amazing. To be able to lead a nation and inspire millions to follow his every command, words cannot describe the conformation that this man underwent from his younger years into adulthood. Whether it was resisting his overbearing father or seeking comfort with his often too kind mother, there was never a calm moment in Adolf’s life. In order to become the man who would grow to be the leader of the Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler as a child and a young adult would go through many life experiences that would help turn him into one of the most identifiable men of his century. Hitler, A. (1971). Mein Kampf. ( Ralph Manheim, Trans.). Boston: Houston Mifflin. (Original work published 1925). Bullock, A. (1962). Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York: Harper Row Publishers. Fest, J. (1974). Hitler. (Richard Winston Clara Winston, Trans.). New York: Houghton Mifflin. (Original work published 1973). The History Place: The Rise of Hitler. (1996). The History Place. Retrieved 27 March 2009 from Simkin, J. Spartacus Educational. 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